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Research Guides

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FAQ

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Where is the Center located?
The T. Harry Williams Center for Oral History is on the 2nd floor of the Hill Memorial Library. From the stairs: Go up the left staircase, take a left through the double doors, and walk straight through Quiet Study Space Room 201. The Center offices are located in the back right corner of this large room. From the elevators: Take the elevator up to 2, take a right through the double doors, and proceed to walk straight through the Quiet Study Space, Rm 201. The Center offices are in the back right corner of this large room. Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
How does the Center decide whom to interview?
The Williams Center chooses interviewees whose recollections best fit within one of our projects. If you know someone whose life experience fits within one of our projects, let us know about that person and why you think their stories would contribute to our oral history collection. To nominate someone for an interview, complete and return our bio data form. However, due to limited resources, a better alternative may be to interview the person yourself. We can provide guidance and training in oral history techniques so that you can interview people whose stories and memories deserve preservation. To learn more about our training, please visit Create an Oral History (https://lib.lsu.edu/oralhistory) Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
What is a "collection?"
A collection is an interview, and as such, it is assigned a specific collection number, such as 4700.1234. There can be several recordings (indicated by a unique Tape #) within one collection if the person was interviewed on more than one occasion by the same interviewer. A collection is an interview, and as such, it is assigned a specific collection number, such as 4700.1234. There can be several recordings (indicated by a unique Tape #) within one collection if the person was interviewed on more than one occasion by the same interviewer. Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
Who can access LSU Special Collections?
Everyone! You do not have to be affiliated with LSU to access our collections. We do suggest that you create an account so that you can begin requesting materials. Create a Special Collections Request System account at the link below. Create a Create a Special Collections Request System Account Everyone! You do not have to be affiliated with LSU to access our collections. We do suggest that you create an account so that you can begin requesting materials. Create a Special Collections Request System account at the link below. Answered by: Kelly Larson
Processed vs unprocessed collection--what's the difference?
A processed collection has gone through several steps to become a cataloged record, thus available to the researching public. Those steps include a thorough vetting of copyright and restrictions, a verbatim transcription or thorough indexing of the interview including time-stamped calibration, the opportunity for the interviewee to review the transcription, the creation of a finding aid that includes important metadata about the collection, the preservation and optimization of audio files, the creation of user-copies, and cataloging. This process requires the efforts of several LSU Libraries staff members and it has been calculated that for every hour of recording, it takes 35-50 hours to fully process. For a detailed breakdown of the stages and fees associated with archiving oral histories, please see The Oral History Budget. All processed collections are found in the catalog record and many are available on the Louisiana Digital Library. An unprocessed collection is one that has not reached the final stage of completion and is not yet ready to be cataloged. Depending on the stage of processing, more or less of the interview will be available to patrons. See below for the availability of unprocessed collections. An unprocessed collection is not in the catalog record nor the Louisiana Digital Library. A processed collection has gone through several steps to become a cataloged record, thus available to the researching public. Those steps include a thorough vetting of copyright and restrictions, a verbatim transcription or thorough indexing of the interview including time-stamped calibration, the opportunity for the interviewee to review the transcription, the creation of a finding aid that includes important metadata about the collection, the preservation and optimization of audio files, the creation of user-copies, and cataloging. This process requires the efforts of several LSU Libraries staff members and it has been calculated that for every hour of recording, it takes 35-50 hours to fully process. For a detailed breakdown of the stages and fees associated with archiving oral histories, please see The Oral History Budget. All processed collections are found in the catalog record and many are available on the Louisiana Digital Library. An unprocessed collection is one that has not reached the final stage of completion and is not yet ready to be cataloged. Depending on the stage of processing, more or less of the interview will be available to patrons. See below for the availability of unprocessed collections. An unprocessed collection is not in the catalog record nor the Louisiana Digital Library. Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
What are Special Collections?
Special collections refer to unique materials that provide both primary and secondary sources to people conducting original research. Our collections are special due to their scarcity or rarity, historical value, monetary value, or research value. Archives are collections of original records created throughout the lifespan of a person, family, organization, or business. These materials essentially provide evidence of the activities, events, functions, and/or responsibilities of the creator(s). Archives and special collections differ from libraries in the types of materials collected and the ways in which they are acquired, organized, described, and made publicly accessible. These differences prompt us to create specific policies and procedures to ensure that our collections can continue to be used for decades or even centuries to come. Special collections refer to unique materials that provide both primary and secondary sources to people conducting original research. Our collections are special due to their scarcity or rarity, historical value, monetary value, or research value. Archives are collections of original records created throughout the lifespan of a person, family, organization, or business. These materials essentially provide evidence of the activities, events, functions, and/or responsibilities of the creator(s). Archives and special collections differ from libraries in the types of materials collected and the ways in which they are acquired, organized, described, and made publicly accessible. These differences prompt us to create specific policies and procedures to ensure that our collections can continue to be used for decades or even centuries to come. Answered by: Kelly Larson
Do I have to come to campus to view the materials that I need?
The short answer is yes. Most of our special collections are only available in their physical formats. However, we do have some digital collections online, which are made available through the Louisiana Digital Library. We do participate in interlibrary loan services for select materials (typically microfilm) and we offer a variety of duplication options. Find out more about the Louisiana Digital Library: https://lib.lsu.edu/special#louisianadigitallibrary (https://lib.lsu.edu/special/CC/digital) View our duplication policy: https://lib.lsu.edu/special#specialcollectionsduplication (https://www.lib.lsu.edu/special/services/duplication) View our operating hours and maps: https://lib.lsu.edu/hoursandmaps (https://lib.lsu.edu/about/hours/sc) Answered by: Kelly Larson
How do I access an oral history interview?
The Louisiana Digital Library has selected interviews available. Visit LSU Libraries Special Collections: since all cataloged interviews are housed in Special Collections at Hill Memorial Library, you may visit the Reading Room where staff will provide access to a dedicated, self-guided public computer where you can access cataloged digital files during office hours. You may request a copy of the interview. See above for instructions. A copy of the interview may be jointly housed in another repository, so be sure to double-check that information in the catalog record. Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
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Database Listing

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Literary Manuscripts: Berg
The Berg Collection is recognised as one of the finest literary research collections in the world, and the Victorian holdings are the undisputed jewel in its crown. A broad range of authors from across the nineteenth century make this an essential research tool for all scholars and students researching Victorian literature. Most of these unique manuscripts are unavailable in any medium elsewhere. They are supplemented by some rare printed materials, including early editions annotated by the authors. Each author collection is included in its entirety, allowing users to browse and search the manuscripts as they would in the Berg Reading Room.
Literary Manuscripts: Leeds
This path-breaking project offers literary scholars the opportunity to examine complete facsimile images of 190 manuscripts of 17th and 18th century verse held in the celebrated Brotherton Collection at the University of Leeds. These manuscripts can be read and explored in conjunction with the powerful BCMSV database, described in a recent survey of first-line indices for poetry of the long eighteenth century (c.1660-1830) as "the most sophisticated and flexible index yet created for a collection of manuscript poetry".¹ The database includes first lines, last lines, attribution, author, title, date, length, verse form, content and bibliographic references for over 6,600 poems within the collection.
London Low Life
London Low Life is a full-text searchable resource, containing colour digital images of rare books, ephemera, maps and other materials relating to 18th, 19th and early 20th century London. It is designed for both teaching and study, from undergraduate to research students and beyond. In addition to the digital documents, London Low Life contains a wealth of secondary resources, including a chronology, interactive maps, essays, online galleries and links to other useful websites.
Macmillan Cabinet Papers, 1957-1963
Macmillan Cabinet Papers, 1957-1963 provides complete coverage of the Cabinet conclusions (minutes) (CAB 128) and memoranda (CAB 129) of Harold Macmillan’s government, plus selected minutes and memoranda of policy committees (CAB 134). The Cabinet conclusions are taken by the secretary of the Cabinet or one of their assistants and consist of summaries of all discussions in Cabinet, together with a note of decisions reached. Cabinet memoranda consist of all papers circulated to members of the Cabinet and to other ministers for information or as a basis for discussion. These classes provide a distillation of the work of all the other departments of government, ranging in subject matter from agricultural policy and trade to nuclear policy and issues of international diplomacy. This collection also includes 165 files from the Prime Minister's Private Office (PREM 11). These provide an important supplement to the Cabinet records and cover all aspects of policymaking.
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Staff

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Discovery

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ASSESSMENT OF COMMERCIAL STOCKS AND FORECAST FOR THE CATCH OF FISH OF LEUCISCIDAE FAMILY IN THE DNIPRO RESERVOIR FOR 2026. ОЦІНКА ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ЗАПАСІВ І ПРОГНОЗ ВИЛОВУ РИБ РОДИНИ ЯЛЕЦЕВІ (LEUCISCIDAE) ДНІПРОВСЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА НА 2026 РІК.
Purpose. To investigate the long-term dynamics of commercial catches of Leuciscidae in the Dnipro Reservoir and to determine sustainable catch limits as an aquatic bioresource. Methodology. The study was conducted in 2024–2025 at three commercial fishing areas of the Dnipro Reservoir (central part, lower part, Samara Bay), which differed in hydrology, ecology, and the level of human impact. Classical ichthyological methods were used. The study objects were members of the family Leuciscidae: common bream, chub, asp, roach, silver bream, blue bream, sabrefish, rudd, white-eye bream, vimba, and bleak. The analysis included species composition of commercial catches, age and size structure of fish populations, condition factors, catch dynamics over long-term series, and official commercial statistics (2014–2024). Findings. It was found that Leuciscidae species account for 54.1% of total catches in the Dnipro Reservoir cascade, with common bream, roach, and bleak being the main commercial species. Populations of these species are characterized by stable abundance and biomass. Based on biological and fishing parameters, fish stocks and catch limits for the Dnipro Reservoir in 2026 were calculated. Originality. For the first time in the Dnipro Reservoir, a comprehensive analysis of Leuciscidae commercial stocks was conducted, incorporating long-term data series, spatial-temporal population characteristics, and mortality coefficients. Differentiated fishing regimes for specific reservoir areas were proposed. Practical Value. The results allow optimization of fishery management, ensuring sustainable use of resources and biodiversity conservation, reducing the risk of stock depletion, and supporting the stability of commercial fishing. The proposed recommendations were used as the basis for establishing fish catch limits in the Dnipro Reservoir in 2026. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Contrast subgraphs catch patterns of altered functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder
Despite the breakthrough achievements in understanding structural and functional alterations of brain connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the exact nature and type of such alterations are not yet clear due to conflicting reports of hyper-connectivity, hypo-connectivity, and—in some cases—combinations of both. In this work, we bring order to the debate using a network comparison technique to capture mesoscopic-scale differential patterns of functional connectedness. In particular, we leverage recent algorithmic advances in extracting contrast subgraphs to identify maximally different mesoscopic connectivity structures between two sets of networks from typically developed individuals and ASD subjects across different developmental stages. A significantly larger connectivity among occipital cortex regions and between the left precuneus and the superior parietal gyrus was found in ASD subjects. At the same time, reduced connectivity characterized the superior frontal gyrus and the temporal lobe regions. More importantly, our results reconcile within a single framework multiple previous separate observations about functional connectivity alterations in ASD.
Does people oriented urbanization catch up with land and population urbanization
Recently, China has undergone rapid urbanization in terms of population and urban land growth. However, there are notable lags in the people-oriented dimensions of urbanization, including urban social services, environmental services, and socioeconomic equity, which are crucial for achieving SDG11 (sustainable cities and communities). Here, considering the complex dimensions of urbanization, we examined 16 people-oriented urbanization indicators across four dimensions, namely, economic, social, environmental, and equity dimensions, from 2005 to 2020, and their relationships with population/land urbanization at multiple scales (national, regional, and urban agglomeration scales), and among different city sizes, via the paired t test and the evenness index. Notably, between 2005 and 2020, these urbanization indicators of China showed an overall upward trend, with changes ranging from 1.09 to 53.95 times. Among the 16 people-oriented urbanization indicators, the economic and social indicators lagged behind the land and population urbanization, whereas the environmental indicators caught up. The evenness index among these indicators showed a U-shaped change pattern, which indicated that people-oriented urbanization was coming up with population/land urbanization since the implementation of China new-type urbanization plan in 2014 until 2020. In the future, increasing investment in social service systems and implementing place-based coordination strategies are necessary to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
Differences in catch-up growth and its relationship to nutritional status between SGA and AGA twins and singletons in the first year after birth: a prospective cohort study.
To compare the difference between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) of singleton and twin in terms of catch-up growth (CUG) and nutritional status in the first year after birth through a prospective cohort study. A total of 340 singleton and twin children were recruited. Dietary questionnaires were completed at enrollment and at 3 and 6 months of age. Anthropometric data were presented as Z scores. The Z score of weight, length and/or head circumference > − 2SD were used as criteria for CUG. The CUG rate of the twin AGA was the highest. Rapid CUG of twin SGA occurred within 3 months, and the CUG rate of weight was greater for twin SGA than for singleton SGA at 1 year old. The length CUG rate for twin SGA was the lowest within 3 months, 17.05% of the singleton SGA and 22.22% of the twin SGA did not reach CUG. The CUG was independent of feeding mode, and higher energy support did not improve CUG outcome. Twin AGA children have a better CUG rate, whereas CUG might take longer in SGA, especially for twin SGA. Higher energy support does not necessarily improve CUG outcomes. Trial registration number The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR2100053434 and was recorded in the medical research registry. Date of registration: Nov 21, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Investigation of energy efficiency of fishing vessels in the Adriatic Sea by fuel consumption measurements and catch analysis: Design and operation of data collection system
Ship emissions represent a significant environmental issue, directly connected to the fuel consumption and highly investigated in the last decade. Fuel consumption of a vessel is a key factor in the research of ship energy efficiency, its environmental impact, optimization and economic performance. Fuel consumption is mainly evaluated by available mathematical models, and the estimated value is used in further calculations, thus the results conceal an error. Evaluating the average fuel consumption also disables the possibility to analyze the fuel usage in different operating modes. Further, both technical and operational optimization aim at reducing fuel consumption. To achieve a quality improvement of a ship’s system, the input data on consumption needs to have minimal errors. This paper presents different methods of fuel monitoring and evaluation as well as the development of a modern fuel measurement system for fishing vessels. A short overview of fuel consumption models is given and the focus is shifted to fuel monitoring devices. Fuel monitoring devices are effective tools for determining the exact consumption and investigating the energy efficiency of vessels. The application of flow meters and fuel level sensors in the Croatian fishing fleet is presented and an example of measurements collected by the devices is included.
Reliability of self-reported catch and effort data via a smartphone application in a multi-species recreational fishery
The high spatial-temporal variability in fishing effort, combined with the difficulty of monitoring individual activities, hampers effective management of recreational fisheries. Angler smartphone applications (apps) offer a promising digital tool for self-reporting of fishing effort (E) and catch per unit of effort (CPUE). However, despite their growing use for data collection in recreational fisheries, the existing literature on their performance remains limited, raising concerns about potential biases in the data. Since 2019, daily trips inside the 12 partially protected Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of the Balearic Islands (Spain) must be self-reported via the “Diari de Pesca Recreativa” app (the App), recording fishing E and CPUE. This study aimed to evaluate the App’s performance in reporting recreational fisheries data over a six-year period. Data obtained via the App (3672 trip self-reports) were compared to data collected through a standard method (360 on-site creel surveys). Importantly, the App represents complete fishing trips, whereas creel surveys record only partial trips, as they are conducted mid-activity. This methodological difference in trip duration reporting was expected to influence estimates of E (hours · angler · trip) and possibly CPUE (catch · E⁻¹). These estimates were compared across datasets overall, as well as stratified by month, fishing type, MPA, and for key target species. Data from the App tended to overestimate E, while creel surveys underestimated it, and significant differences were observed between whole datasets for E and CPUE. However, when stratified, most groups showed no statistically significant differences in E and CPUE estimates. With these generally comparable results, and given that the limitations of one are offset by the strengths of the other, combining both data sources will improve reliability. The App not only generates a higher volume of trip data but also digitizes data collection through a user-friendly platform for self-reporting, enabling automation and analytics for fisheries monitoring and management of recreational fisheries. Because reporting was mandatory in this case, biases commonly associated with voluntary apps (e.g. avidity, age bias) are unlikely to apply, making this study particularly relevant for assessing the utility of mandatory app-based data in fisheries management.
Induced allopatry as main mechanism explaining trap catch reduction in low dose mating disruption trials on the strawberry pest Acleris comariana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
BACKGROUND: The strawberry tortrix, Acleris comariana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a destructive pest of strawberry in Denmark and southern Sweden. The efficacy of pheromone‐based communication disruption of the species was examined in crop fields in southern Sweden. Due to the high cost of purchasing or synthesizing the pheromone (E)‐11,13‐tetradecadienal, lower quantities were applied per ha compared to similar mating disruption studies on other tortricid pests. RESULTS: When treating 1 ha within fields with 14 or 1.4 g of pheromone and using rubber septa as dispensers, trap catches were reduced by ≥98% versus control areas. When treating whole fields with 0.45-0.90 g/ha and using 1 g SPLAT droplets as dispensers, the effect on trap catch was less pronounced (63-95% reduction vs control fields). A corresponding reduction in larval numbers following the treatment was not achieved. Additional experiments revealed that males are more attracted to SPLAT droplets compared to trap lures, and aggregate near SPLAT droplets, indicating that low catches in traps were due to induced allopatry, a form of competitive disruption. In addition, female‐baited traps were outcompeted when placed close to septum‐baited traps. Pest densities were high, and the lack of control effect could be attributed to high encounter rates between the sexes despite the female competitive disadvantage, making mating disruption less efficient. CONCLUSION: Our data show the potential for pheromone‐based control of A. comariana as part of integrated pest management, but the method needs optimization regarding density and strength of dispensers and ways to reduce the initial density of the pest to levels where competitive mechanisms of mating disruption can be efficient. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Childhood vaccination catch-up and recovery plans for mitigating immunity gap post the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of selected African countries
Since the start of the pandemic, routine vaccination has been delayed or suspended in many countries. Over one-third of countries have had continued disruptions to routine immunization programs in 2021. Since 2020, there has been an increase in zero-dose children, leading to a substantial immunity gap in many developing countries. Unvaccinated children have become susceptible to outbreaks due to missed immunization doses. Post-pandemic, measles, polio, and cholera outbreaks have occurred. To address this challenge, UNICEF, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) have launched the Big Catch-up campaign to accelerate catch-up efforts, promote recovery, and enhance routine immunization programs in priority countries. This paper outlines the prevalent challenges associated with reaching underserved children over the past four years, with a focus on the implementation of catch-up and recovery initiatives in 10 countries in two regions of Africa (East and Southern Africa (ESAR) and West and Central Africa Region (WCAR). The study findings indicated that it was feasible to identify children who had not received any vaccinations in the country by utilizing various data sources documented in research papers. An initial obstacle encountered was locating these children within the community. Thematic analysis of the plans culminated in categorizing the primary challenge, initially involving vaccinating children over 2 years old per national policy. The subsequent difficulties encompassed identifying these children, generating demand for vaccinations among older children, and reporting on the population of children who had not received any vaccines. The strategies primarily revolved around fortifying the data system to capture these zero-dose children, implementing catch-up campaigns, and the Periodic Intensification of Routine Immunization (PIRI). The successful execution of the proposed strategies may diminish immunity gaps and reinforce routine immunization services, aligning with the IA2030 agenda.
Investigating the associations between weekend catch-up sleep and insulin resistance: NHANES cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a precursor to metabolic syndrome. Weekend catch-up sleep (WCS) is practiced to compensate for insufficient weekday sleep, but its impact on IR remains unclear. This study investigated associations between WCS and severe IR risk. Methods Data from 1,903 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 were analyzed. IR was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) and Metabolic Score for IR (METS-IR), with severe IR defined as the highest quartile. WCS was calculated by subtracting weekday sleep duration from weekend sleep duration and was categorized into five groups. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to examine associations between WCS patterns and severe IR risk. Percentages reported were weighted to account for sampling design and population distribution. Results The majority of participants were under 60 yrs (75.2%, n = 1,344) and had a body mass index below 30 kg/m2 (59.2%, n = 1,082). Slightly more than half of the participants were female (51.3%, n = 990). A U-shaped relationship between WCS duration and severe IR risk was observed, with the lowest risk at approximately 0.7–1.0 h of WCS. Short WCS durations (0
Time Reversal Imaging of Ultrasonic Pitch-Catch Measurements Based on Decoupled Wavefields in Cased Hole
Cased-hole ultrasonic pitch-catch logging serves as a critical quantitative detection method in cement bond evaluation, primarily employed for the quantitative assessment of bonding quality at both casing-cement and cement-formation interfaces. Conventional reverse time migration (RTM) with coupled acoustic field cross-correlation imaging conditions often generates significant artifacts near real reflection interfaces. These artifacts arise from the complex characteristics of formation interface reflections in actual acquisitions, containing multiple seismic phases, which consequently interfere with accurate identification of the true cement-annulus-formation interface. To address this challenge, this study proposes a Helmholtz decomposition-based methodology. The approach establishes an improved RTM imaging method for cased-hole ultrasonic flexural waves through wavefield decoupling of both forward and backward propagated wavefields at each timestep, incorporating decoupled wavefield auto-correlation and cross-correlation operations. Synthetic case studies demonstrate that the auto-correlation RTM results of decoupled S-wave fields exhibit enhanced energy concentration at theoretical reflection interfaces when the annular medium is conventional cement, accompanied by significant reductions in imaging artifacts and noise. Therefore, the proposed decoupled wavefield RTM method provides an effective solution for high-precision imaging of cement-annulus-formation interfaces in cased-hole measurement environments.
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