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Development and application of LSU rRNA probes for Karenia brevis in the Gulf of Mexico, USA
The brevetoxin producing dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, is the target of several monitoring and research programs in the Gulf of Mexico, where it forms extensive and frequently long-lived annual blooms that can cause human intoxication and fish kills, as well as severe economic losses to coastal communities. Rapid, reliable methods for the detection and enumeration of K. brevis cells, as well as their discrimination from morphologically similar species, are valuable tools for managers and scientists alike. Our aim was to produce a species-specific molecular probe that would serve as a tool to facilitate the efficient and reliable detection of K. brevis in the Gulf of Mexico. We sequenced a fragment of the large-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) from five K. brevis cultures isolated from the Texas Gulf coast, the Florida Gulf coast, and the Atlantic coast of Florida, and detected no differences among these isolates. A consensus sequence was thus compiled and compared to a previously published sequence from Karenia mikimotoi, the closest known phylogenetic relative to K. brevis, for the purpose of identifying unique K. brevis signature sequences. Fluorescently-labeled (FITC) oligonucleotide probes targeting these regions of the K. brevis LSU rRNA were designed to include at least two base pair differences, as compared to K. mikimotoi. Among seven probes designed, one uniquely identified all K. brevis isolates to the exclusion of all other species tested (Kbprobe-7), including a Gulf of Mexico K. mikimotoi isolate (Sarasota, FL) and several additional Gymnodinium species, as well as other dinoflagellate, diatom, and raphidophyte taxa. Importantly, K. brevis cells in samples taken during a 2001 bloom, fixed with a mixture of modified saline ethanol and 10% formalin, and stored at 4 °C for 7 months were successfully labeled with Kbprobe-7. In addition, preliminary analysis of labeled cells by flow cytometry revealed that K. brevis could be distinguished from K. mikimotoi in solution, suggesting other potential applications of this probe.
Suitability of chloroplast LSU rDNA and its diverse group I introns for species recognition and phylogenetic analyses of lichen-forming Trebouxia algae
To date, species identification of lichen photobionts has been performed principally on the basis of microscopic examinations and molecular data from nuclear-encoded genes. In plants, the chloroplast genome has been more readily exploited than the nuclear genome for systematic investigations. At the present time, very little information is available about the chloroplast genome of lichen-forming algae. For this reason, we have sequenced a portion of the gene encoding for the chloroplast large sub-unit rRNA (LSU rDNA) as a new molecular marker. Sequencing of the chloroplast LSU rDNAs revealed the existence of an unusual diversity of group I introns (a total of 31) within 15 analyzed Trebouxia species. The number, sequence and insertion site of these introns were very different among species, contributing to their recognition. A relatively large intron-free portion of the chloroplast LSU rDNA and part of the nuclear ribosomal cistron (18S–5.8S–26S) between the nuclear internal transcribed spacers (nrITS) were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. The obtained results indicate that data combination from both nuclear and chloroplast sequences can improve phylogenetic accuracy. Herein, we propose the suitability of both intronic and exonic sequences of the chloroplast LSU rDNA for species recognition, and an exonic sequence spanning from position 879 to 1837 in the Escherichia coli 23S rDNA for phylogenetic analyses of Trebouxia phycobionts.

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How do I find U.S. Census data?
Visit census.gov (http://census.gov/) to browse quality information current and historical facts and figures about Americas people, places, and economy. An additional tool offered by the U.S. Census Bureau, the data.census.gov (https://data.census.gov/) is a platform designed to help users access demographic and economic data digitally. The Census Academy (https://www.census.gov/data/academy.html) has many short tutorials for searching this website. For more information, consult the Census Bureau's FAQ (https://ask.census.gov/) , or schedule an appointment with an LSU Libraries Librarian here (https://lsu.libcal.com/appointments/caple) . The census on microfilm LSU owns is limited. The only states in this collection include: Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia (and scattered census material for West Virginia). Information on other states may be located at the National Archives (http://www.archives.gov/research/start/index.html) in Washington D.C., the regional branches (http://www.archives.gov/locations/index.html) of the National Archives, as well as the Bluebonnet Regional Branch of the East Baton Rouge Parish Library (https://www.ebrpl.com/) . The collection of census material at LSU Libraries includes population schedules, agricultural census data, lists of manufactures, slave schedules, passenger lists for the port of New Orleans covering 1853-1899, social statistics, and scattered information concerning Defective, Dependent and Delinquent Classes. Other material that may be helpful for researching archives for genealogy information include Records of the Diocese of Louisiana and the "Floridas", New Orleans City Directories for years 1805-1945, New Orleans Christian Advocate concerning Marriage and Death Notices, Military Academy Letters, and Indian Affairs, just to name a few. If you would like to access any of these materials, contact libgovdocs@lsu.edu . Answered by: Kendall Caple

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