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Detecting a Complex of Cryptic Species within Neoechinorhynchus golvani (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) Inferred from ITSs and LSU rDNA Gene Sequences
Neoechinorhynchus golvani is an intestinal parasite of freshwater and brackish water fishes distributed in Mexico. The genetic variability of 40 samples representing 12 populations from north, south, and central Mexico, and 1 from Costa Rica, was estimated by sequencing 2 nuclear genes (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and LSU rDNA, including the domain D2 + D3). The length of both genes ranged from 700 to 779 base pairs (bp) and from 813 to 821 bp, for ITSs and LSU, respectively. The genetic divergence among populations ranged from 19.5 to 35.3% with ITSs and from 9.28 to 19.58% with LSU. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses were performed for each data set and also for 2 combined data sets (ITSs + LSU rDNA with and without outgroups), showing strong similarities among trees, with high bootstrap support in all cases. Genetic divergence, in combination with phylogenetic analyses, suggested that the acanthocephalan N. golvani represents a complex of cryptic species, which is composed of at least 3 lineages. The first lineage, corresponding with N. golvani, shows a wide distribution, including localities from northeastern Mexico, southwards through central and southeastern Mexico, and further down to Costa Rica. This lineage is associated with cichlid fishes in strictly freshwater environments. Lineages 2 and 3 are distributed in brackish water systems along the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific slopes, respectively; both are associated with eleotrid fishes, and apparently represent 2 cryptic species. The diversification of the eleotrid and cichlid lineages seems to be the result of independent host-switching events from the ancestral population.
MinION Sequencing of Yeast Mock Communities To Assess the Effect of Databases and ITS-LSU Markers on the Reliability of Metabarcoding Analysis
ABSTRACT Microbial communities play key roles both for humans and the environment. They are involved in ecosystem functions, maintaining their stability, and provide important services, such as carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle. Acting both as symbionts and as pathogens, description of the structure and composition of these communities is important. Metabarcoding uses ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (eukaryotic) or rRNA gene (prokaryotic) sequences for identification of species present in a site and measuring their abundance. This procedure requires several technical steps that could be source of bias producing a distorted view of the real community composition. In this work, we took advantage of an innovative “long-read” next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology (MinION) amplifying the DNA spanning from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) to large subunit (LSU) that can be read simultaneously in this platform, providing more information than “short-read” systems. The experimental system consisted of six fungal mock communities composed of species present at various relative amounts to mimic natural situations characterized by predominant and low-frequency species. The influence of the sequencing platform (MinION and Illumina MiSeq) and the effect of different reference databases and marker sequences on metagenomic identification of species were evaluated. The results showed that the ITS-based database provided more accurate species identification than LSU. Furthermore, a procedure based on a preliminary identification with standard reference databases followed by the production of custom databases, including only the best outputs of the first step, is proposed. This additional step improved the estimate of species proportion of the mock communities and reduced the number of ghost species not really present in the simulated communities. IMPORTANCE Metagenomic analyses are fundamental in many research areas; therefore, improvement of methods and protocols for the description of microbial communities becomes more and more necessary. Long-read sequencing could be used for reducing biases due to the multicopy nature of rDNA sequences and short-read limitations. However, these novel technologies need to be assessed and standardized with controlled experiments, such as mock communities. The interest behind this work was to evaluate how long reads performed identification and quantification of species mixed in precise proportions and how the choice of database affects such analyses. Development of a pipeline that mitigates the effect of the barcoding sequences and the impact of the reference database on metagenomic analyses can help microbiome studies go one step further.
Are there any graduate assistantships available?
Most assistantships would be found on the LSU Handshake website (https://www.lsu.edu/careercenter/students/handshake.php) , though some opportunities are handled directly through the hiring department. It wouldn't hurt to check with a staff member in your graduate program to see if they are aware of assistantships not listed on Handshake. ________________________________________________________________________ More information on Handshake.... How to Access Handshake Admitted Students Undergraduate and Graduate students receive access to Handshake on June 15. At that time, you can log in to Handshake using your myLSU email and password at lsu.joinhandshake.com (https://lsu.joinhandshake.com/) or download the Handshake Jobs & Careers App (download in the Apple App Store (https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1220620171) or download through Google Play (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.joinhandshake.student…) ). If a user experiences a barrier in access to Handshake or content within due to a disability, please contact the LSU Olinde Career Center at career@lsu.edu (mailto:career@lsu.edu) . For information on how to apply to on-campus and off-campus jobs, visit the Student Employment webpage (https://www.lsu.edu/careercenter/studentemployment/students.php) . If you would like to schedule a meeting with our team, or access other career center resources prior to receiving Handshake access, please contact us at career@lsu.edu (mailto:career@lsu.edu) and we are happy to assist you. Graduate Students: Please note, while some graduate assistantships may be posted in Handshake, most opportunities are managed directly through the hiring department. Please contact your graduate program and campus contacts directly to inquire about available assistantships. Alumni Alumni retain free access to Handshake and to most other career center resources, including appointments with the career center team. View the Alumni Resources page to request Handshake access (https://www.lsu.edu/careercenter/students/alumni.php) . Rsum Uploads Please make note that all rsums must be approved by the LSU Olinde Career Center before becoming active in Handshake for applying for jobs or participating in on-campus interviews. Please be prompt in submitting a rsum for activation in Handshake. The career center makes every effort to be timely in the document approval process, but cannot guarantee a turnaround of less than two (2) business days. Fraudulent and Scam Job Postings We work hard to keep fraudulent postings out of Handshake (https://www.lsu.edu/careercenter/students/handshake.php) by using some common red flags typically considered suspicious. While red flags dont automatically remove a job posting, we research the company and posting if suspicion arises before making a decision. You should research suspicious companies or postings, too (or dont apply). The Fraudulent and Scam Job Postings (https://www.lsu.edu/careercenter/about/FraudulentandScamJobPostingsbook…) guide outlines red flags so you, too, can attempt to identify such scam or fraudulent postings. Our position: Never apply for a suspicious job. Questions? Contact career@lsu.edu (mailto:career@lsu.edu) . Answered by: Gabriella Lindsay

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