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Pierre Soulé: Histoire d’une mémoire franco-louisianaise retrouvée/Pierre Soulé: The Story of a French-Louisiana Legacy Refound

<div class="migrated-article"><em>For your reading pleasure, here is a bilingual blog post by Hill staff member, Dr. Germain Bienvenu, on a new book which was researched in part in Hill Memorial Library.&nbsp; Our occasional series of bi-lingual blog posts by Germain speak directly to the strong links we have with French and Francophone culture and to the French-speaking community as reflected in our extensive <a href="https://lib.lsu.edu/special/research/msg.php?display=single&amp;amp;q=F… manuscript holdings</a> (and published materials holdings!) in LSU Libraries Special Collections.</em>&nbsp;<em> -- Jessica Lacher-Feldman, Head, Special Collections</em> <strong>Catherine CHANCEREL, biographe fran&ccedil;aise de Pierre Soul&eacute;,&nbsp; pr&eacute;sente son livre et raconte ses recherches: </strong> <strong>Histoire&nbsp; d&rsquo;une m&eacute;moire franco-louisianaise retrouv&eacute;e.</strong> <a href="/sites/default/files/featured_images/Cover.jpgdata-caption="><em>L&rsquo;homme du Grand Fleuve par Catherine Chancerel (CNRS Editions, 2014) / <em>L&rsquo;homme du Grand Fleuve</em> by Catherine Chancerel (CNRS Editions, 2014)" data-title="<em>L&rsquo;homme du Grand Fleuve</em> par Catherine Chancerel (CNRS Editions, 2014) / <em>L&rsquo;homme du Grand Fleuve</em> by Catherine Chancerel (CNRS Editions, 2014)""&gt; &laquo; Les </em></a><a href="https://lib.lsu.edu/special/findaid/0401m.pdf">Pierre Soul&eacute; Papers</a> des Fonds Sp&eacute;ciaux de la LSU ont &eacute;t&eacute; ma premi&egrave;re rencontre am&eacute;ricaine avec Pierre Soul&eacute; et ma premi&egrave;re piste pour me lancer sur ses traces, &raquo; raconte Catherine Chancerel, avocate fran&ccedil;aise parisienne, auteure de <em>L'homme du Grand Fleuve</em>, paru chez CNRS Editions (Paris) en avril 2014 : une biographie &eacute;pique de Pierre Soul&eacute; (1801-1870), exil&eacute; fran&ccedil;ais devenu citoyen am&eacute;ricain, s&eacute;nateur de la Louisiane (1847 ; 1849-1853) et ambassadeur des &Eacute;tats-Unis en Espagne (1853-1855). Le livre de Catherine Chancerel retrace une vie romantique, tumultueuse et&nbsp; engag&eacute;e qui a embrass&eacute; la vie politique et le destin des &Eacute;tats-Unis, de l&rsquo;Europe et de l&rsquo;Am&eacute;rique Latine durant la premi&egrave;re moiti&eacute; du dix-neuvi&egrave;me si&egrave;cle. N&eacute; &agrave; Castillon-en-Couserans dans les montagnes pyr&eacute;n&eacute;ennes, fils du juge de paix du village, Pierre Soul&eacute; &eacute;tudia &agrave; Toulouse, puis &agrave; Bordeaux et &agrave; Paris o&ugrave; il fit ses &eacute;tudes de droit durant la p&eacute;riode Romantique. Il y fonda un journal, vite censur&eacute; par le r&eacute;gime royaliste de la Restauration. Il est alors arr&ecirc;t&eacute;, jug&eacute; et condamn&eacute; &agrave; une peine de prison. Plut&ocirc;t que de se soumettre, il s&rsquo;enfuit, d&eacute;barque en Ha&iuml;ti puis &agrave; New-York avant d&rsquo;arriver &agrave; la Nouvelle-Orl&eacute;ans en 1825. Avocat form&eacute; au Code civil napol&eacute;onien, il entre au cabinet de Louis Moreau Lislet, un des fondateurs du Code civil de la Louisiane. Il apprend l&rsquo;anglais, se familiarise avec la common law, devient un des hommes les plus influents de l&rsquo;Age d&rsquo;Or de la Nouvelle-Orl&eacute;ans et fait de la politique. &Eacute;lu au S&eacute;nat de l&rsquo;Etat de Louisiane, il est ensuite s&eacute;nateur de la Louisiane &agrave; Washington o&ugrave;, excellent orateur, il d&eacute;bat avec les plus grands noms de l&rsquo;histoire du S&eacute;nat: Henry Clay, John Calhoun, Daniel Webster, notamment sur la question du Compromis de 1850. Il s&rsquo;y taille une r&eacute;putation d&rsquo;esclavagiste, qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;est pas. Il fait campagne dans le Nord pour l&rsquo;&eacute;lection du Pr&eacute;sident des Etats-Unis, Franklin Pierce, et obtient un poste cl&eacute; pour la politique ext&eacute;rieure des Etats-Unis: celui de ministre pl&eacute;nipotentiaire des Etats-Unis &agrave; Madrid, avec la question de Cuba. De retour aux Etats-Unis, il est partie prenante dans les affaires de filibustering au Nicaragua et traite avec le Mexique en vue de l&rsquo;octroi d&rsquo;une concession pour un chemin de fer transoc&eacute;anique. Lorsque la Guerre Civile &eacute;clate, Soul&eacute; n&eacute;gocie la reddition de la Nouvelle-Orl&eacute;ans en &eacute;vitant des &eacute;meutes et le bombardement cons&eacute;cutif de la ville. Il est emprisonn&eacute; &agrave; Fort Lafayette, au large de New York, et est envoy&eacute; en exil &agrave; Cuba. &ldquo;Pardonn&eacute;&rdquo; apr&egrave;s la guerre, il meurt &agrave; la Nouvelle-Orl&eacute;ans, o&ugrave; il est enterr&eacute;. En 1942, son nom sera donn&eacute; &agrave; un &laquo; Liberty Ship &raquo; : l&rsquo;USS <em>Pierre Soul&eacute;.</em> Catherine Chancerel souligne que les documents de premi&egrave;re main sur Pierre Soul&eacute; sont assez peu nombreux pour un homme public de cet acabit. &laquo; &Eacute;tonnamment, ajoute-t-elle, aucune biographie compl&egrave;te n'a jamais &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;crite sur lui : ni aux Etats-Unis o&ugrave; il est pourtant un personnage important de l&rsquo;histoire am&eacute;ricaine de la premi&egrave;re moiti&eacute; du 19&egrave;me si&egrave;cle ; ni en France o&ugrave; il est rest&eacute; inconnu. Il m&rsquo;a donc fallu aller partout, commente-t-elle. &raquo; &laquo; J&rsquo;ai d&eacute;but&eacute; mes recherches dans le courant de l&rsquo;ann&eacute;e 2002, se souvient-elle. Et j&rsquo;ai naturellement commenc&eacute; par la Nouvelle-Orl&eacute;ans, l&agrave; o&ugrave; Pierre Soul&eacute; avait v&eacute;cu. C'est une biblioth&eacute;caire de l'UNO, Marie Wendell, qui m'a mise sur la piste de la Hill Memorial Library &agrave; la LSU: &lsquo; un lieu incontournable, indispensable aux chercheurs, o&ugrave; les connaissances des responsables vous seront pr&eacute;cieuses,&rsquo; m'a-t-elle alors dit. Elle avait raison. &raquo; Catherine Chancerel dit y avoir appr&eacute;ci&eacute; la pr&eacute;sentation des Pierre Soul&eacute; Papers. &laquo; C&rsquo;est gr&acirc;ce &agrave; elle que j&rsquo;ai eu mon premier fil d&rsquo;Ariane. Par la suite, mes innombrables p&eacute;r&eacute;grinations dans les archives, centres de recherches, biblioth&egrave;ques universitaires ou fonds&nbsp; priv&eacute;s diss&eacute;min&eacute;s sur tout le pays et en Europe, m&rsquo;ont permis de r&eacute;unir et comprendre les multiples facettes, tant personnelles que professionnelles et politiques, de cette vie si f&eacute;conde, si riche en &eacute;v&egrave;nements. J&rsquo;ai tiss&eacute; des liens aussi. Et j&rsquo;ai fait de belles trouvailles &ndash; comme tomber par hasard sur son journal d&rsquo;exil &agrave; Cuba, dans un fonds de l&rsquo;universit&eacute; de Duke !&nbsp; Celui-ci faisait suite au journal &eacute;crit pendant son emprisonnement &agrave; Fort Lafayette, que j&rsquo;ai consult&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;universit&eacute; de Tulane. &raquo; <a href="/sites/default/files/featured_images/PierreSoule.jpgdata-caption=" photographie originale de pierre ca. soul photograph mss. louisiana and lower mississippi valley lsu baton data-title="Photographie originale de Pierre Soul&eacute;, ca. 1860 / Pierre Soul&eacute; Photograph (ca. 1860), Mss. 2824, Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, La."> Huit ans de recherches et de travail, incluant deux voyages aux Etats-Unis et en Louisiane, le premier en 2003 et le second en 2008, ont permis &agrave; Catherine Chancerel d'achever cette entreprise sanctionn&eacute;e par la publication de son livre en avril 2014 par une maison d&rsquo;&eacute;dition fran&ccedil;aise prestigieuse : CNRS Editions. &laquo; Ce fut une belle aventure ponctu&eacute;e de belles rencontres et de liens d&rsquo;amiti&eacute;s durables, insiste Catherine Chancerel. C&rsquo;est pourquoi je n&rsquo;oublierai jamais cette premi&egrave;re approche de Pierre Soul&eacute; &agrave; la Hill Memorial Library de la LSU. Je souhaite &agrave; tous les chercheurs d'avoir un jour la chance que leurs recherches les y conduisent ! &raquo; <em>L&rsquo;homme du Grand Fleuve</em> n&rsquo;est pas seulement une biographie historique. C&rsquo;est un r&eacute;cit vivant dans lequel le lecteur est entrain&eacute; pour suivre au plus pr&egrave;s cette personnalit&eacute; &eacute;tonnante que fut Pierre Soul&eacute;, fil conducteur du r&eacute;cit. Et c&rsquo;est aussi une merveilleuse aventure humaine. Cette ann&eacute;e, les Soul&eacute; am&eacute;ricains et fran&ccedil;ais, tous retrouv&eacute;s par l&rsquo;auteure, vont se rencontrer pour la premi&egrave;re fois le 23 mai &agrave; Castillon-en-Couserans, qui organise une comm&eacute;moration en l&rsquo;honneur de Pierre Soul&eacute;. Catherine Chancerel dit qu&rsquo;il lui reste encore &agrave; &laquo; boucler la boucle &raquo; et que son travail sur Pierre Soul&eacute; ne sera v&eacute;ritablement achev&eacute; qu&rsquo;avec son &laquo; retour aux Etats-Unis &raquo; gr&acirc;ce &agrave; la traduction et &agrave; la publication de son livre en anglais, afin qu&rsquo;il ait enfin la biographie qu&rsquo;il m&eacute;rite dans son pays d&rsquo;adoption. &laquo; Car on l&rsquo;attend aussi de l&rsquo;autre c&ocirc;t&eacute; de l&rsquo;Atlantique, je n&rsquo;en doute pas : les premiers retours sur le livre et sa pr&eacute;sentation, en anglais, sont encourageants, &raquo; ajoute-t-elle avant de confier : &laquo; l&rsquo;&eacute;diteur fran&ccedil;ais est en contact avec des &eacute;diteurs am&eacute;ricains et s&rsquo;emploie &agrave; chercher des aides et des fonds pour la traduction avec un titre, provisoire: <em>The Honorable Senator from Louisiana : Pierre Soul&eacute; (1801-1870)</em>. &raquo; <em><strong>Catherine Chancerel, French Biographer of Pierre Soul&eacute;, Presents Her Book and Recounts Her Research: The Story of a French-Louisiana Legacy Refound</strong></em> </a><a href="http://news.blogs.lib.lsu.edu/files/2015/05/Soul%C3%A9-Letter.jpgdata-c…; lettre de pierre soul anna janvier qui un rendez-vous la r donn par le pr conf letter from to january mentioning attendance at a reception given by the president of data-title="Lettre de Pierre Soul&eacute; &agrave; Anna Sanders, 14 janvier 1864, qui &eacute;voque un rendez-vous de Pierre Soul&eacute; &agrave; la &laquo; President&rsquo;s Levee, &raquo; r&eacute;ception donn&eacute;e par le Pr&eacute;sident de la Conf&eacute;d&eacute;ration / Letter from Pierre Soul&eacute; to Anna Sanders, 14 January 1864, mentioning Soul&eacute;&rsquo;s attendance at the&ldquo; President&rsquo;s Levee,&rdquo; a reception given by the President of the Confederacy."> &ldquo;The </a><a href="https://lib.lsu.edu/special/findaid/0401m.pdf">Pierre Soul&eacute; Papers</a> at LSU&rsquo;s Special Collections were my first American encounter with Pierre Soul&eacute; and my first lead for sending me on his trail,&rdquo; relates Catherine Chancerel, Parisian lawyer and author of <em>L&rsquo;homme du Grand Fleuve</em> (literally translated, <em>The Man of the Great River</em>).&nbsp; Published by CNRS Editions, Paris, in April 2014, it is an epic biography of Pierre Soul&eacute; (1801-1870), French exile turned American citizen, senator from Louisiana (1847, 1849-1853), and United States ambassador to Spain (1853-1855). Chancerel&rsquo;s book recounts a romantic, tumultuous, and committed life that embraced the politics and destiny of the United States, Europe, and Latin America during the first half of the nineteenth century. Born at Castillon-en-Couserans in the Pyrenees Mountains, son of the village&rsquo;s justice of the peace, Pierre Soul&eacute; studied at Toulouse, then Bordeaux and Paris, where he completed law courses during the Romantic Period.&nbsp; There, he founded a newspaper, quickly censored by the Royalist r&eacute;gime of the Restoration.&nbsp; He was, in turn, arrested, judged, and sentenced to prison.&nbsp; Rather than submit, he fled, debarking in Haiti and later New York before arriving in New Orleans in 1825. A lawyer trained in the Napoleonic civil code, he joined the firm of Louis Moreau Lislet, one of the founders of the Louisiana civil code.&nbsp; He learned English, familiarized himself with common law, became one of the most influential men of New Orleans&rsquo; golden age, and pursued politics.&nbsp; Elected to the Louisiana State Senate, he was, likewise, Louisiana senator to Washington, where, as an excellent orator, he debated with the great names of the Senate&rsquo;s history: Henry Clay, John Calhoun, and Daniel Webster, notably on questions of the Compromise of 1850.&nbsp; He, thus, developed a reputation as a supporter of slavery, which he was not.&nbsp; He campaigned in the North for Franklin Pierce&rsquo;s presidency and obtained a key post for United States external politics: that of ambassador plenipotentiary to Madrid, charged with the matter of Cuba.&nbsp; Back in the United States, he was party to filibustering in Nicaragua and dealt with Mexico over granting land for a transoceanic railroad.&nbsp; When the Civil War was raging, Soul&eacute; negotiated the surrender of New Orleans, warding off riots and consecutive bombardment of the city.&nbsp; He was imprisoned at Fort Lafayette off New York and sent in exile to Cuba.&nbsp; Pardoned after the war, he died in New Orleans, where he is buried.&nbsp; In 1942, his name was given to a liberty ship, the <em>USS Pierre Soul&eacute;.</em> Chancerel stresses that primary documents on Soul&eacute; are relatively few in number for a public figure of his type.&nbsp; &ldquo;Astonishingly,&rdquo; she adds, &ldquo;no complete biography has ever been written on him &ndash; either in the United States, where he is, nevertheless, an important figure in American history of the first half of the nineteenth century, or in France, where he has remained unknown.&nbsp; Therefore, I have had to go everywhere,&rdquo; she comments. &ldquo;I started my research in 2002,&rdquo; Chancerel remembers.&nbsp; &ldquo;And, naturally, I began in New Orleans, where Pierre Soul&eacute; lived.&nbsp; It was a UNO librarian, Marie Wendell, who put me on the trail to LSU&rsquo;s Hill Memorial Library, &lsquo;a key place, indispensable to researchers, where the knowledge of the staff will be invaluable to you,&rsquo; she told me then.&nbsp; She was right.&rdquo; Chancerel says she appreciated being shown the Pierre Soul&eacute; Papers.&nbsp; &ldquo;Thanks to it, I had my first vital lead.&nbsp; Subsequently, my innumerable peregrinations in archives, research centers, university libraries, and private collections scattered across the country and in Europe allowed me to bring together and understand the many personal as well as professional and political sides of this very fruitful life so rich in events [that was Soul&eacute;&rsquo;s].&nbsp; I forged links, too.&nbsp; And I had great finds &ndash; such as falling by chance upon [Soul&eacute;&rsquo;s] diary of Cuban exile in a collection at Duke University!&nbsp; This one picks up after the journal written during Soul&eacute;&rsquo;s imprisonment at Fort Lafayette, which I consulted at Tulane.&rdquo; Eight years of research and work, including two trips to the United States and Louisiana, the first in 2003 and the second in 2008, allowed Chancerel to complete her undertaking, which was rewarded by the publication of her book in April 2014 by a prestigious French publishing house: CNRS Editions. &ldquo;It was a great adventure marked by lovely encounters and lasting ties of friendship,&rdquo; Chancerel emphasizes.&nbsp; &ldquo;That&rsquo;s why I will never forget first drawing close to Pierre Soul&eacute; at LSU&rsquo;s Hill Memorial Library.&nbsp; I hope all researchers one day have the chance to be led there by their research!&rdquo; <em>L&rsquo;homme du Grand Fleuve</em> is not just an historical biography.&nbsp; It is a lively account in which the reader is pulled along to follow closely the amazing personality that was Pierre Soul&eacute;, the leading thread of the story.&nbsp; And it is also a marvelous human adventure.&nbsp; This year, the American and French Soul&eacute;s, all located by the author, will meet for the first time on May 23 at Castillon-en-Couserans, which is organizing a commemoration in honor of Soul&eacute;. Catherine Chancerel says that she still has to &ldquo;fasten the buckle&rdquo; and that her work on Pierre Soul&eacute; will be truly achieved only with her return to the United States, thanks to the translation and publication of her book in English.&nbsp; That would finally give Soul&eacute; the biography he deserves in his adopted country.&nbsp; &ldquo;For they are waiting for it on the other side of the Atlantic, too, I do not doubt.&rdquo;&nbsp; Chancerel adds, &ldquo;The initial feedback on the book and presentations on it in English have been encouraging.&rdquo;&nbsp; And she confides, &ldquo;The French publisher is in contact with American publishers and is at work finding help and funds for the translation, with a provisory title of <em>The Honorable Senator from Louisiana: Pierre Soul&eacute; (1801-1870).&rdquo;</em></div>
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