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How do I find U.S. Census data?
Visit census.gov (http://census.gov/) to browse quality information current and historical facts and figures about Americas people, places, and economy. An additional tool offered by the U.S. Census Bureau, the data.census.gov (https://data.census.gov/) is a platform designed to help users access demographic and economic data digitally. The Census Academy (https://www.census.gov/data/academy.html) has many short tutorials for searching this website. For more information, consult the Census Bureau's FAQ (https://ask.census.gov/) , or schedule an appointment with an LSU Libraries Librarian here (https://lsu.libcal.com/appointments/caple) . The census on microfilm LSU owns is limited. The only states in this collection include: Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia (and scattered census material for West Virginia). Information on other states may be located at the National Archives (http://www.archives.gov/research/start/index.html) in Washington D.C., the regional branches (http://www.archives.gov/locations/index.html) of the National Archives, as well as the Bluebonnet Regional Branch of the East Baton Rouge Parish Library (https://www.ebrpl.com/) . The collection of census material at LSU Libraries includes population schedules, agricultural census data, lists of manufactures, slave schedules, passenger lists for the port of New Orleans covering 1853-1899, social statistics, and scattered information concerning Defective, Dependent and Delinquent Classes. Other material that may be helpful for researching archives for genealogy information include Records of the Diocese of Louisiana and the "Floridas", New Orleans City Directories for years 1805-1945, New Orleans Christian Advocate concerning Marriage and Death Notices, Military Academy Letters, and Indian Affairs, just to name a few. If you would like to access any of these materials, contact libgovdocs@lsu.edu . Answered by: Kendall Caple

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Orthogonally Functionalizable Redox-Responsive Polymer Brushes: Catch and Release Platform for Proteins and Cells
Polymer brushes engineered to “specifically capture” and “release on demand” analytes such as dyes, proteins, and cells find biomedical applications ranging from protein immobilization to cell death. Utilizing a disulfide-linker-containing monomer as a building block enables the fabrication of a redox-responsive polymer brush platform with the “catch and release” attribute. Herein, thiol-reactive redox-responsive polymer brushes are fabricated using a pyridyl disulfide-based monomer, and their postpolymerization functionalization is demonstrated via thiol–disulfide exchange reaction with thiol-containing dyes, (bio)­molecules, and cell adhesive ligands. After establishing reversible conjugation using a fluorescent dye and other model compounds, copolymer brushes postmodified with thiol-containing mannose demonstrated selective immobilization of concanavalin A in the presence of peanut agglutinin. In addition, a thiolated RGD peptide was conjugated to the side chain of polymer brushes to facilitate cell adhesion, followed by on-demand harvesting. To enable localized drug delivery to surface-adhered cells, orthogonal chain end and side chain functionalization using the thiol-Michael addition and thiol–disulfide exchange reaction, respectively, was used to conjugate the cell adhesive RGD peptide and the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). On-demand DOX release and internalization by surface-bound cancer cells were demonstrated via cleavage of disulfide linkages in the presence of a reducing agent. This approach may provide an attractive methodology to deliver therapeutic agents precisely to specific cells.
Critic-V: VLM Critics Help Catch VLM Errors in Multimodal Reasoning
Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable advancements in multimodal reasoning tasks. However, they still often generate inaccurate or irrelevant responses due to issues like hallucinated image understandings or unrefined reasoning paths. To address these challenges, we introduce Critic-V, a novel framework inspired by the Actor-Critic paradigm to boost the reasoning capability of VLMs. This framework decouples the reasoning process and critic process by integrating two independent components: the Reasoner, which generates reasoning paths based on visual and textual inputs, and the Critic, which provides constructive critique to refine these paths. In this approach, the Reasoner generates reasoning responses according to text prompts, which can evolve iteratively as a policy based on feedback from the Critic. This interaction process was theoretically driven by a reinforcement learning framework where the Critic offers natural language critiques instead of scalar rewards, enabling more nuanced feedback to boost the Reasoner’s capability on complex reasoning tasks. The Critic model is trained using Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), leveraging a preference dataset of critiques ranked by Rule-based Reward (RBR) to enhance its critic capabilities. Evaluation results show that the Critic-V framework significantly outperforms existing methods, including GPT-4V, on 5 out of 8 benchmarks, especially regarding reasoning accuracy and efficiency. Combining a dynamic text-based policy for the Reasoner and constructive feedback from the preference-optimized Critic enables a more reliable and context-sensitive multimodal reasoning process. Our approach provides a promising solution to enhance the reliability of VLMs, improving their performance in real-world reasoning-heavy multimodal applications such as autonomous driving and embodied intelligence. Our data and code are released at https://github.com/kyrieLei/Critic-V.