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Octopus cyanea (Gray, 1849) is a benthic and diurnally active species found in tropical and subtropical reefs. It is harvested for commercial and subsistence purposes, but some factors in Zanzibar challenge its catch. This study was conducted to determine variations in O. cyanea catch between on-foot and dive fishing methods in Zanzibar. Information from this study would help in the establishment of management plans, which are still challenging in Zanzibar. The catch size, catch rate, and individual size of octopuses from dive and on-foot fishing were determined. Results revealed that about 54.11 % of all octopuses were caught by on-foot fishing and 45.89 % by dive fishing. However, the average catch size (by weight and length) was lower for on-foot fishing than for dive fishing. Moreover, the catch size and catch rate per fisher were higher for dive fishers than for on-foot fishers. The proportion of octopuses weighing ≥ 1000 g constitutes 49 % and 26 % of the total catch by dive and on-foot fishing, respectively, indicating that dive fishing captures a significantly higher percentage of larger individuals than on-foot fishing. Therefore, the concentrated on-foot fishing in shallow water could affect more recruits and juveniles, while high fishing efforts in deep water by dive fishers could impact more spawners and brooders found in these areas. Given these observations, this study emphasizes the necessity of conducting long-term research to accurately identify the peak breeding, spawning, and recruitment seasons.

The radiative perturbation of the Earth's energy balance caused by all aerosols, the direct radiative effect (DRE), and anthropogenic aerosols, the direct radiative forcing (DRF), remain major sources of uncertainty in climate projections. Here we propose a method for determining DRE and DRF that makes use of the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL)-retrieved aerosol loading and derived aerosol types (i.e. dust, marine, urban, smoke, etc.) in combination with aerosol-type specific optical properties. As the global spatiotemporal distributions of HSRL-derived aerosol types are not currently available, the methodology is tested here using a global 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem) along with Creating Aerosols from CHemistry (CATCH) algorithm-generated aerosol types analogous to ones derived by HSRL. In this method, the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Models (RRTMG) is used to perform radiative transfer calculations with the single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (g) of atmospheric particles assigned based on the aerosol type in each grid box. Average GEOS-Chem/CATCH-derived all-sky DRE and DRF across the North American domain are estimated to be −1.98 W/m2 and − 0.77 W/m2, respectively between mid-January and early February 2013 and − 4.20 W/m2 and − 1.41 W/m2 respectively between mid-July and early August 2014. Sensitivity studies revealed that the scheme may produce up to about ±0.42 W/m2 and ± 0.21 W/m2 uncertainty in DRE and DRF, respectively, related to variability in aerosol type-specific optical properties. This study presents a new way of determining DRE and DRF estimates once global retrievals of aerosol intensive parameters by HSRL become available.

Purpose: This study investigates the association between weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) and overweight/obesity in Korean adolescents, focusing on weekday sleep sufficiency.Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among 12,434 high school students in South Korea. Sleep patterns including total sleep duration and weekend CUS were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized into overweight/obese and normal weight groups based on age- and sex-adjusted Z-scores. Logistic and linear regression models were used to assess the associations between sleep variables and overweight/obesity.Results: Students with 3 or more h of CUS had lower odds of being overweight/obesity (odds ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.80) compared to those with non-CUS. This protective effect remained significant in the subgroup with perceived insufficient weekday sleep. Furthermore, students with 3 or more h of CUS had significantly lower BMI z-scores (β = -0.18, p 

In the Philippines, nemipterid fishes hold substantial economic importance due to their high market value. However, the local longline fisheries lack specific regulations for managing the capture of these fishes. This study aimed to determine the optimum hook size for increasing catchability in nemipterid fishing while minimizing bycatch, thus promoting sustainable fisheries. We conducted experimental fishing at three depth ranges, using Mustad J-type hooks of 11 different sizes, ranging from #562, the largest, to #572, the smallest. All Mustad J-type hooks utilized medium-sundried Sardinella lemuru as bait. Seven Nemipteridae species and 31 other bycatch species were collected, with Nemipterus nematophorus emerging as the predominant species, constituting 61.96% and 56.99% of the catch by count and weight, respectively. The largest hook size (#562) demonstrated the lowest catch in both fish count and weight, revealing its inefficacy in capturing a wider size variation of fish. However, larger fish were collected with larger hooks, as suggested by the generalized additive model (GAM). In contrast, the generalized additive model suggested that middle-sized hooks (#566 to #568) yielded the highest catches but with an increased bycatch. Thus, these hook sizes, commonly used by many fishermen, were identified as the most exploitative and risky in terms of increasing bycatch. Using large hooks, preferably #562 to #565, would lead to an increase in the individual catch size for nemipterids, to reduce the small-size fish, and to minimize bycatch. These results suggest that regulating hook sizes is essential for sustainable fishing, which can result in a potential short-term reduction in catch rates but offer long-term benefits for nemipterid fisheries management.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are highly prevalent sexually transmitted infections, notably associated with various cancers. This study analyses the health and economic impacts of HPV-associated diseases in the Czech Republic and evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a catch-up vaccination program.Methods: Utilizing a Markov multistate model, the study assesses the lifetime impacts and costs related to HPV infections. Cohorts of ages 15–21 were simulated to assess the impact of catch-up vaccination outside the 11-year-old age group.Results: The total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for the female and male cohorts (together 119,362 individuals) were higher in the vaccination scenario compared to the non-vaccination scenario. The increase in QALYs was 122,246 and 200,852 respectively, when considering the actual vaccination rates. Across both cohorts, 329 cancer-related deaths were prevented. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis for the female population, vaccination was the dominant strategy in 99.3% of iterations. In the male population, vaccination was the dominant strategy in 80.3% of iterations. The implementation of catch-up vaccination for the 15–21 age group significantly increased QALY gains and reduced life-years-lost (LYLs). In the female cohort, all analysed rates of catch-up vaccination were the dominant strategy, while in the male cohort, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) remained consistently below 42,000 CZK/QALY.Conclusions: The catch-up vaccination program for 15-21-year-olds is cost-effective and can prevent a significant number of HPV-related cancers in both men and women.

The existing theoretical framework fails to explain the behavioral mechanisms employed by latecomer enterprises in their pursuit of standardization catch-up. In order to address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive and structured case study on Huawei’s standardization strategy. Using both deductive and inductive approaches, the findings from our research reveal Huawei’s ‘pyramid standardization strategy’ consisting of four distinct stages: following (1987–2002), defense (2003–2008), breakthrough (2009–2015), and sharing (2016–present). Drawing from the theoretical framework of academic literature on ‘catch-up in standardization’, we propose a ‘standardization catch-up model’ that incorporates three crucial elements: a top-down behavioral foundation, middle-up essential supporting components, and bottom-up culture and values. Furthermore, we identified five key propositions from the Huawei case, which emphasize the importance of R&D investment, low-cost engineers, professional teams, relations with international standards organizations, and open innovation as driving factors. By shedding light on the role of internal capabilities, patent-based innovation, and organizational culture, our research significantly contributes to the understanding of catch-up through standardization strategy.

The study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of IUGR and consequent catch-up growth on metabolic health by using a comprehensive approach that included histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and metabolomics analyses. Sprague–Dawley pregnant rats either undergo bilateral uterine artery ligation or a sham surgery on the 19th day of gestation. The offspring reached catch-up growth, kidney samples were collected at postnatal weeks 2, 4, and 8 for analysis. IUGR rats exhibited a spectrum of changes including reduced glomeruli number, proliferating cell number, altered oxidative stress markers, various enzymes involved in Krebs cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and energy metabolism. Examination of the 8-week-old cohort identified a broader spectrum of metabolic alterations, notably in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, pyruvate, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and citrate (TCA) cycle. Our metabolomics analysis provides insights into the potential disease susceptibility of individuals born with IUGR, including obesity, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular diseases, and mental retardation. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between intrauterine conditions and long-term metabolic health outcomes, highlighting the need for further investigation into preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the risk of metabolic diseases in individuals with a history of IUGR.

This paper addresses the challenge of missing data in scientific research. It specifically examines the case of missing data arising from a “catch-all” missing not at ran (MNAR) mechanism, where missing values are disproportionately from one category, such as income or ethnicity in surveys. The study introduces the use of the regression diagnostic DFBETAS along with Leverage to improve the imputation of categorical data under such conditions. DFBETAS, a measure of influence in regression, is adapted to capture the intrinsic information of missing values, thereby enhancing the imputation process within a Bayesian multiple imputation (MI) framework. We validate the proposed approach through Monte Carlo simulations with data generating mechanisms based on probability distributions. The results show that incorporating DFBETAS and Leverage significantly improves the accuracy of imputations, optimizes the balance between its sensitivity and specificity reduces bias, and enhances confidence interval coverage of imputed estimates, especially as the strength of the catch-all mechanism increases. The study demonstrates that MI with DFBETAS and Leverage outperforms standard MI methods, offering a robust solution for handling categorical data with catch-all MNAR mechanisms. This advancement in imputation methodology provides a more accurate and efficient means of dealing with missing data in various research fields.

Our aim in this study was to analyze associations between the two manipulative tests of the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) battery and the Wall Drop Punt Kick & Catch (WDPK&C) motor task. One hundred and twelve early adolescents (60 boys; 52 girls; M age = 12.67, SD = 1.78 years) participated. Overall, strong correlations were found between the WDPK&C and the MCA manipulative tests, either separately (r = 0.802 for kicking, r = 0.762 for throwing) or collectively (r = 0.835). In boys, correlations between WDPK&C and MCA kicking (r = 0.722) and MCA throwing (r = 0.754) were similar. In girls, MCA kicking was more closely related to WDPK&C performance (r = 0.612) than MCA throwing (r = 0.330). These results reinforce the possible use of WDPK&C as a gross manipulative coordination test, either by itself or when integrated into motor competence batteries.

This study examined the impact of Catch-Up Sleep Ratio (CSR) on health outcomes in Korean adults. Adjusted for age and gender, 2,484 participants were categorized into three groups: Weekday (CSR

NOMINATED FOR THE 2018 ANDRE SIMON FOOD & DRINK BOOK OF THE YEARBBC RADIO 4 FOOD PROGRAMME BEST FOOD BOOKS OF 2018THE TIMES BEST FOOD BOOKS OF 2018FINANCIAL TIMES SUMMER FOOD BOOKS OF 2018'A one-off, the kind of food book that I believed was no longer being published... When I reached the last page, I went back to the beginning.'– Bee Wilson, The Times'A book as rich and rewarding as the rabbit stew he spends so many chapters making.'– Jenny Linford, Times Literary Supplement'A wonderful taste of fresh air... First, Catch is almost revolutionary... His words are delicious, musical heaven.'– William Sitwell‘Thom Eagle's writing is pure joy – effortless and unaffected. Even such a seemingly banal and simple thing as boiling vegetables is engaging and illuminating in his hands. He is easily one of my favourite writers, and this book deserves to become a classic.” – Olia Hercules, author of Mamushka and Kaukasis'It feels so tantalisingly transgressive to find a book that looks beautiful, feels lovely in the hand and just contains words — gorgeous, thoughtful essays... from a talented chef and writer.'- Tim Hayward, Financial Times‘The thing to do is just begin. The question, of course, is where?'So opens Thom Eagle's hymn to a singular early spring meal. A cookbook without recipes, this is an invitation to journey through the mind of a chef as they work. Stand next to Thom in the kitchen as he muses on the very best way to coax flavour out of an onion (slowly, and with more care than you might expect), or considers the crucial role of salt in the creation of the perfect assembly for early green shoots and leaves.In an era when we are so distracted that we eat almost without realising what we've just put in our mouth, this is food and writing to savour, gently steering the cook back towards simplicity, confidence and, above all, taste.

Army deserter Abel de Santiago has all but avenged his murdered wife, when he is captured and sold as a galley slave. As the Spanish Armada sails for Calais Roads in May 1588, there cannot be a soul aboard more reluctant than him.After a crushing defeat to the English fleet, the Spanish ships are battered by extraordinary storms. Santiago soon finds himself washed ashore in Ireland, a country terrorised by men that the natives call Sassenachs.Santiago's faint hopes of survival appear dashed when he is captured by the brutal Sheriff of Sligo, who has orders from Dublin to torture and kill all Spanish castaways. An unlikely twist of fate leaves Santiago fleeing Sligo with a jewelled ring worth a King's ransom. His escape leads to a desperate chase across a strange and stunning land, where danger lurks at every turn.So begins THE SHERIFF'S CATCH, being Part 1 of THE SASSANA STONE PENTALOGY