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Weaving a web to catch them all: inclusive pedagogies in mathematics
Inclusion is an area of strategic importance in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally, requiring that all learners have access to quality education. Nonetheless, children with disabilities in our schools are often excluded from rich learning opportunities, particularly in mathematics. Teaching through inclusive pedagogies, by contrast, supports teachers to plan for and teach all children; however, we know little about how teachers may apply these approaches to their teaching of mathematics. In this article, we report on a case study of one teacher’s practice as we develop a ‘research lesson’ approach that enhances the engagement and learning of all children, including those who are most at risk of being excluded in mathematics lessons. Participants described challenges to inclusive teaching mathematics such as differentiation, engaging contexts, children’s experience of anxiety, and children’s comfort with oral language and discussion. We found that research lesson reflections enabled solutions to be found for these challenges as part of the process of identifying them. We argue that an approach focussed on inclusion is a tool with potential to help teachers to rethink their mathematics classroom organisation and planning. Inclusive teaching may be enacted differently depending on the context; however, we found the key teaching practice to be planning for inclusion at the outset, followed by focussed reflections on teaching. Further, we suggest that research into innovative mathematics pedagogies is most likely to be successful when there is a focus on inclusive pedagogy.
Catch before they fall: a pose-guided attention framework for indoor safety
Falls can pose a serious health threat, especially for older people, often leading to fractures, head injuries, or long-term disability. This highlights the need for reliable and non-invasive detection systems. Existing solutions often suffer from limitations such as user discomfort with wearables, constrained coverage of fixed sensors, or environmental challenges in vision-based methods. This paper proposes a dual-stream attention-guided robust indoor fall detection framework to solve the problem. The approach combines a pose-guided stream with a video stream, in which the former captures high-level skeletal features through MediaPipe and simultaneously processes spatiotemporal dynamics from raw RGB frames using a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a temporal attention module. In order to enhance classification precision, features from each stream are adaptively fused in a block based on attention mechanisms, which improves the model’s interpretation of posture and movement semantics. Testing on the KFall dataset reveals that the proposed method achieves 98.71% accuracy, surpassing pre-existing benchmarks. Triggering a visual alert by displaying a red rectangle on the screen upon the occurrence of this event is a subsequent outcome of this work. An ablation study highlights the effectiveness of each component. Finally, the proposed work advances fall detection by combining pose estimation and attention-based deep learning to deliver an accurate, interpretable, and deployable solution.
Results of trawl counts for juvenile pink salmon in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas in 2024 and prospects for the returns and catch in the Karaginsky subzone and Okhotsk Sea in 2025
The key stage of juvenile pink salmon monitoring is the survey of their fall feeding in the sea that detects the year-class strength. The results of this survey are used for forecasting of the pink salmon returns to the Karaginsky fishing subzone in Bering Sea and to the Okhotsk Sea and the landing in the next year. The trawl surveys with two research vessels have conducted in recent years that allows to cover vast areas in a short time and to exclude repeated counts of the same fish on neighbor transects. In 2024, such trawl survey for pink salmon counting was conducted in the western Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea that provided representative data on the juveniles abundance used for forecasting their returns and catches in the Karaginsky fishing subzone and Okhotsk Sea. The abundance of pink salmon in the western Bering Sea was estimated in 452∙106 ind. that was about a half of their numbers in previous even years (2018, 2020, 2022). Their return to the Karaginsky fishing subzone in the next year is expected as 72∙106 ind. at the lower limit of confidence interval, that provides the catch of 49∙103 t with the expected weight of spawners about 1 kg and 32 % escapement to the spawning grounds. In the Okhotsk Sea, the abundance of pink salmon was estimated in 1077∙106 ind. that was lower than in 2020 and 2022. Their expected return to the Okhotsk Sea in the next year is expected as 123∙106 ind. at the lower limit of confidence interval, that provides the catch of 100∙103 t with the weight of 1.3 kg and escapement of 35 %. Abundance in «northern» and «southern» regional complexes of local stocks is estimated for pink salmon in the Okhotsk Sea using cluster analysis with the expectation-maximization algorithm (EM clustering); the «northern» group prevailed with the ratio 64:36 %.
Assessing the indicated impact of cantrang (boat Danish seine) based on catch characteristics in Java Sea, Indonesia
Cantrang (boat Danish seine) has been illegal since 2015 but remains prevalent in Indonesia’s Java Sea. Despite known negative impacts, no comprehensive ecological assessment of cantrang fishing exists. This study evaluates its effects by analyzing catch data based on taxa, trophic level, habitat, and fishing vulnerability by a multivariate approach. In this study, the size of 60 cantrang vessel samples were grouped into 4, namely 20–30, 31–50, 51–100, and 101–200 gross tons (GT), representing the spatial distribution of the fishing grounds. Larger vessels catch more diverse and abundant fish, primarily reef-associated and demersal species groups. There was a significant difference in the fishing vessel’s size on the catch’s composition (analysis of similarities, ANOSIM R = 0.114, p = 0.024). The dominant catches were families of Loliginidae (Loligo sp., 24.38%) and Nemipteridae (Nemipterus nematophorus, 19.29%), trophic level 2.7 (34.41–43.18%), reef-associated and demersal fish (37.06–46.09%), and low vulnerability group of fish (58.01–64.56%). Additionally, 2.69–8.56% of the endangered, threatened, and protected species of wedgefish (Rhyncobatus sp.) were also caught by the cantrang. This study confirms the impacts of cantrang on fish resources in the Java Sea, Indonesia’s Fisheries Management Area 712. The findings emphasize the need to improve management strategies to achieve sustainable fish resources and marine biodiversity in the region.
Effectiveness of catch-up vaccination from 2009 to 2011 on incidence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China: a time series analysis
Abstract Background The high prevalence of hepatitis B weighs heavily on public health in China. In 2009, a catch-up vaccination program for children aged 8–15y was implemented to curb hepatitis B, while the effectiveness of this intervention has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of catch-up vaccination on the incidence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China. Methods We obtained individual data of all hepatitis B cases from 2005 to 2019 in Guangzhou from Guangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. Based on daily reported number of cases, we constructed generalized linear models to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention on the incidence of hepatitis B in each age group from 11 to 25 years. We further estimated the age-standardized effectiveness. Finally, we examined the effectiveness in different subgroups by sex and clinical types of hepatitis B. Results A total of 58,204 hepatitis B cases among individuals aged 11–25y were reported in Guangzhou from 2005 to 2019, with an average annual age-standardized incidence of 117.30 cases per 100,000 individuals. The catch-up vaccination contributed to an age-standardized 20.02% (95% confidence interval: 15.97%, 23.87%) decrease in the hepatitis B incidence among individuals aged 11–25y and prevented an annual age-standardized average of 17.40 (95% empirical confidence interval [eCI]: 9.24, 23.78) cases per 100,000 individuals from hepatitis B during the study period. The intervention could better protect males (excess incidence rate [EIR]: -21.82 [95% eCI: -30.51, -10.15] cases per 100,000 individuals), and prevent chronic cases (EIR: -24.27 [95% eCI: -30.62, -16.09] cases per 100,000 individuals). Conclusions The massive catch-up vaccination against hepatitis B among children plays an important role in alleviating the burden of hepatitis B.
Catch fish optimization algorithm: a new human behavior algorithm for solving clustering problems
This paper is inspired by traditional rural fishing methods and proposes a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on human behavior: Catch Fish Optimization Algorithm (CFOA). This algorithm simulates the process of rural fishermen fishing in ponds, which is mainly divided into two phases: the exploration phase and the exploitation phase. In the exploration phase, there are two stages to search: first, the individual capture stage based on personal experience and intuition, and second, the group capture stage based on human proficiency in using tools and collaboration. Transition from independent search to group capture during the exploration phase. Exploitation phase: All fishermen will surround the shoal of fish and work together to salvage the remaining fish, a collective capture strategy. CFOA model is based on these two phases. This paper tested the optimization performance of CFOA using IEEE CEC 2014 and IEEE CEC 2020 test functions, and compared it with 11 other optimization algorithms. We employed the IEEE CEC2017 function to evaluate the overall performance of CFOA. The experimental results indicate that CFOA exhibits excellent and stable optimization capabilities overall. Additionally, we applied CFOA to data clustering problems, and the final results demonstrate that CFOA’s overall error rate in processing clustering problems is less than 20%, resulting in a better clustering effect. The comprehensive experimental results show that CFOA exhibits excellent optimization effects when facing different optimization problems. CFOA code is open at https://github.com/Meky-1210/CFOA.git.