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The key stage of juvenile pink salmon monitoring is the survey of their fall feeding in the sea that detects the year-class strength. The results of this survey are used for forecasting of the pink salmon returns to the Karaginsky fishing subzone in Bering Sea and to the Okhotsk Sea and the landing in the next year. The trawl surveys with two research vessels have conducted in recent years that allows to cover vast areas in a short time and to exclude repeated counts of the same fish on neighbor transects. In 2024, such trawl survey for pink salmon counting was conducted in the western Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea that provided representative data on the juveniles abundance used for forecasting their returns and catches in the Karaginsky fishing subzone and Okhotsk Sea. The abundance of pink salmon in the western Bering Sea was estimated in 452∙106 ind. that was about a half of their numbers in previous even years (2018, 2020, 2022). Their return to the Karaginsky fishing subzone in the next year is expected as 72∙106 ind. at the lower limit of confidence interval, that provides the catch of 49∙103 t with the expected weight of spawners about 1 kg and 32 % escapement to the spawning grounds. In the Okhotsk Sea, the abundance of pink salmon was estimated in 1077∙106 ind. that was lower than in 2020 and 2022. Their expected return to the Okhotsk Sea in the next year is expected as 123∙106 ind. at the lower limit of confidence interval, that provides the catch of 100∙103 t with the weight of 1.3 kg and escapement of 35 %. Abundance in «northern» and «southern» regional complexes of local stocks is estimated for pink salmon in the Okhotsk Sea using cluster analysis with the expectation-maximization algorithm (EM clustering); the «northern» group prevailed with the ratio 64:36 %.

This study evaluated the performance of chocolate squid (Todarodes pacificus) bait as a lower-cost alternative to traditional squid bait in a snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery in Eastern Canada. The results showed that pots with chocolate squid bait had significantly lower catch rates compared to pots with traditional squid bait. The chocolate squid bait significantly reduced the number of crabs caught per pot by 13.99% and the weight of crabs caught per pot by 2.88 kg. Although the chocolate squid bait is cheaper, the decrease in catch rates could require increased effort to reach individual quotas, which could lead to longer or more frequent fishing trips and more traps being fished, increasing fuel consumption and habitat disruption, resulting in negative environmental impacts. Finding alternative lower-cost baits that maintain catch rates remains a key priority for reducing operational costs and minimizing environmental impacts in the snow crab fishery.

Cantrang (boat Danish seine) has been illegal since 2015 but remains prevalent in Indonesia’s Java Sea. Despite known negative impacts, no comprehensive ecological assessment of cantrang fishing exists. This study evaluates its effects by analyzing catch data based on taxa, trophic level, habitat, and fishing vulnerability by a multivariate approach. In this study, the size of 60 cantrang vessel samples were grouped into 4, namely 20–30, 31–50, 51–100, and 101–200 gross tons (GT), representing the spatial distribution of the fishing grounds. Larger vessels catch more diverse and abundant fish, primarily reef-associated and demersal species groups. There was a significant difference in the fishing vessel’s size on the catch’s composition (analysis of similarities, ANOSIM R = 0.114, p = 0.024). The dominant catches were families of Loliginidae (Loligo sp., 24.38%) and Nemipteridae (Nemipterus nematophorus, 19.29%), trophic level 2.7 (34.41–43.18%), reef-associated and demersal fish (37.06–46.09%), and low vulnerability group of fish (58.01–64.56%). Additionally, 2.69–8.56% of the endangered, threatened, and protected species of wedgefish (Rhyncobatus sp.) were also caught by the cantrang. This study confirms the impacts of cantrang on fish resources in the Java Sea, Indonesia’s Fisheries Management Area 712. The findings emphasize the need to improve management strategies to achieve sustainable fish resources and marine biodiversity in the region.

Cikidang Fishing Port is one of the fishing ports that plays an important role in capture fisheries in Pangandaran, with drift gillnet as the main fishing gear. The high use of this tool encourages the analysis of the diversity and composition of the catch to assess fishery productivity and maintain resource sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the composition and diversity of drift gillnet catches landed at the PPI Cikidang Pangandaran. The methods used include the calculation of production amount and value, Catch Per Unit Effort, percentage of catch composition, and diversity index. The data analyzed were obtained from the Cikidang PPI statistical report during the 2019-2021 period. The results showed that white pomfret (Pampus argenteus) was the most dominant species in the catch, with an average contribution of 26.4% per year, whereas yellow mackerel (Selaroides leptolepis) had the least catch (only 0.62% per year). The catch diversity index showed a value of 2.77 in 2019, 2.19 in 2020, and 2.21 in 2021, which falls into the medium category. Habitat conservation efforts and increased awareness of fishermen are also needed so that fishery resources in the Cikidang Fishing Port remain sustainable and productive in the long term.

Abstract Background The high prevalence of hepatitis B weighs heavily on public health in China. In 2009, a catch-up vaccination program for children aged 8–15y was implemented to curb hepatitis B, while the effectiveness of this intervention has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of catch-up vaccination on the incidence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China. Methods We obtained individual data of all hepatitis B cases from 2005 to 2019 in Guangzhou from Guangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. Based on daily reported number of cases, we constructed generalized linear models to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention on the incidence of hepatitis B in each age group from 11 to 25 years. We further estimated the age-standardized effectiveness. Finally, we examined the effectiveness in different subgroups by sex and clinical types of hepatitis B. Results A total of 58,204 hepatitis B cases among individuals aged 11–25y were reported in Guangzhou from 2005 to 2019, with an average annual age-standardized incidence of 117.30 cases per 100,000 individuals. The catch-up vaccination contributed to an age-standardized 20.02% (95% confidence interval: 15.97%, 23.87%) decrease in the hepatitis B incidence among individuals aged 11–25y and prevented an annual age-standardized average of 17.40 (95% empirical confidence interval [eCI]: 9.24, 23.78) cases per 100,000 individuals from hepatitis B during the study period. The intervention could better protect males (excess incidence rate [EIR]: -21.82 [95% eCI: -30.51, -10.15] cases per 100,000 individuals), and prevent chronic cases (EIR: -24.27 [95% eCI: -30.62, -16.09] cases per 100,000 individuals). Conclusions The massive catch-up vaccination against hepatitis B among children plays an important role in alleviating the burden of hepatitis B.

This paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the sources of economic growth and catch-up of ASEAN countries since the Asian Financial Crisis, with comparative views of China and India. The study employs different decomposition frameworks to gain insights into the drivers of the Association’s economic performance over the 1997-2017 period. Three findings are most notable. First, all ten member states, except for Brunei, recorded a strong catch-up performance, with labour productivity being the leading driver in most countries. Second, the drivers of labour productivity catch-up exhibit some distinctive patterns among countries, which depend on the level of income and economic structure. Third, in all decomposition analyses, ASEAN countries are well below China and India across sources of growth, which tends to suggest that countries in the grouping could improve their performance by enhancing market integration and policy coordination. Although the long-term prospect of ASEAN is bright, the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent military coup in Myanmar have indicated that the road to future prosperity of the region is expected to face formidable challenges.

This paper is inspired by traditional rural fishing methods and proposes a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on human behavior: Catch Fish Optimization Algorithm (CFOA). This algorithm simulates the process of rural fishermen fishing in ponds, which is mainly divided into two phases: the exploration phase and the exploitation phase. In the exploration phase, there are two stages to search: first, the individual capture stage based on personal experience and intuition, and second, the group capture stage based on human proficiency in using tools and collaboration. Transition from independent search to group capture during the exploration phase. Exploitation phase: All fishermen will surround the shoal of fish and work together to salvage the remaining fish, a collective capture strategy. CFOA model is based on these two phases. This paper tested the optimization performance of CFOA using IEEE CEC 2014 and IEEE CEC 2020 test functions, and compared it with 11 other optimization algorithms. We employed the IEEE CEC2017 function to evaluate the overall performance of CFOA. The experimental results indicate that CFOA exhibits excellent and stable optimization capabilities overall. Additionally, we applied CFOA to data clustering problems, and the final results demonstrate that CFOA’s overall error rate in processing clustering problems is less than 20%, resulting in a better clustering effect. The comprehensive experimental results show that CFOA exhibits excellent optimization effects when facing different optimization problems. CFOA code is open at https://github.com/Meky-1210/CFOA.git.

In the Barents Sea commercial snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery, an increase in catch efficiency of the conical pots is important for the profitability of the industry. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have previously been tested for increasing catch efficiency of the snow crab pots. These earlier experiments have shown varying results ranging from large increase in snow crab catches to no significant effect. These experiments have used different pot soaking times; however, the soaking time might affect the impact of LEDs on catch efficiency. In commercial snow crab fishery, the pot soak time is varying which has not been considered in earlier experiments testing the effect of LEDs. Therefore, this study examined whether pot soaking time can explain the observed differences in relative catch efficiency of snow crab pots with and without LEDs with soak times ranging from 2 to 14 days in the Barents Sea snow crab fishery. For target sizes of snow crab (≥95 mm carapace width), results indicated an increase in catch efficiency between 10 and 30% for pots with LEDs with exception of one experiment using six days soak time. However, experimental results were subjected to large uncertainties and, except from one experiment with five days soak time, the estimated increases were nonsignificant. Furthermore, the pot soak time was not found to impact the effect of white LEDs on capture efficiency.

Gillnets are one of the most commonly used fishing gears in both marine and inland waters. Different colour filament nettings are often used in gillnets. However, the effect of gillnet colour on catch efficiency is unclear for most fisheries. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effect of gillnet colour on the catch efficiency in pearlspot (Etroplus suratensis) fishery in Vembanad lake, India. Gillnet colours tested were transparent, green and blue. Results showed that in this fishery, the catch efficiency of gillnets of the three colours tested differed significantly. The highest catch efficiency of pearlspot was shown by green gillnets compared to transparent or blue netting. Specifically, green gillnets on average were estimated to be 74% more efficient compared to transparent gillnets. For the green compared to the blue gillnets, the catch efficiency was estimated to be higher by 81%. These results demonstrate that gillnet colour can be an important factor significantly affecting the catch efficiency of this fishing gear.

Fibrin formation and mechanical stability are essential in thrombosis and hemostasis. To reveal how mechanical load impacts fibrin, we carried out optical trap-based single-molecule forced unbinding experiments. The strength of noncovalent A:a knob-hole bond stabilizing fibrin polymers first increases with tensile force (catch bonds) and then decreases with force when the force exceeds a critical value (slip bonds). To provide the structural basis of catch–slip-bond behavior, we analyzed crystal structures and performed molecular modeling of A:a knob-hole complex. The movable flap (residues γ 295 to γ 305) containing the weak calcium-binding site γ 2 serves as a tension sensor. Flap dissociation from the B domain in the γ -nodule and translocation to knob ‘A’ triggers hole ‘a’ closure, resulting in the increase of binding affinity and prolonged bond lifetimes. The discovery of biphasic kinetics of knob-hole bond rupture is quantitatively explained by using a theory, formulated in terms of structural transitions in the binding pocket between the low-affinity (slip) and high-affinity (catch) states. We provide a general framework to understand the mechanical response of protein pairs capable of tension-induced remodeling of their association interface. Strengthening of the A:a knob-hole bonds at 30- to 40-pN forces might favor formation of nascent fibrin clots subject to hydrodynamic shear in vivo.

As an analog of intersection graphs among digraphs, catch digraphs were introduced by Hiroshi Maehara in 1984. Later on, Prisner focused his research on interval catch digraphs, which he identified as diasteroidal triple free digraphs. It has been used to solve a variety of real-world challenges, such as networking, telecommunication operations, traffic control, and location problems. Oriented catch digraphs are those catch digraphs that have exactly one edge direction attached to each edge of the corresponding underlying graph. In this article, we consider two important subclasses of oriented catch digraphs, namely, oriented interval catch digraphs and oriented circular-arc catch digraphs. First, we characterize those oriented interval catch digraphs whose underlying graphs are trees in terms of forbidden subdigraphs. Next, we provide a characterization of connected proper oriented interval catch digraphs whose underlying graphs are chordal, by determining the complete list of forbidden induced subdigraphs. Another interesting result is characterizing oriented circular-arc catch digraphs, which are tournaments.

The distribution of wind-driven rain on building facades significantly affects their thermal performance and durability. Accurately and efficiently predicting the wind-driven rain catch ratio on wall surfaces is crucial for building performance evaluation. This study proposes a novel computational approach to rapidly predict the wind-driven rain catch ratio on urban building facades. A predictive model was developed using extensive numerical simulations combined with machine learning algorithms. Specifically, the model replaces traditional numerical simulations by learning the influence of wind field characteristics and building geometry on raindrop catch ratios across different sizes. The research results indicate that the machine learning models can effectively substitute conventional simulation methods for wind-driven rain predictions. Notably, the Artificial Neural Network model achieved a prediction accuracy comparable to numerical simulations (RMSE: 0.009, MAE: 0.006) while being over 300 times faster. The inlet wind speed at roof height emerged as the most influential feature, and the model exhibited strong generalization performance across varying wind directions. This method is simple, efficient, and well-suited to support wind-driven rain analysis, experimental measurements, and urban energy consumption studies in residential building contexts.