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Penaeid trawls are among the world’s least selective fishing gears. This characteristic has justified decadal attempts at resolution and most commonly via retroactively fitted ‘bycatch reduction devices’ in the posterior sections to promote fish escape. However, ideally unwanted species would never enter a trawl. This study sought to investigate if fish could be avoided in diurnally deployed estuarine penaeid trawls via light emitting diodes (LEDs) located at the frame lines (headline and footrope). The assumption of few confounding effects of attaching six inactive LEDs (i.e. structures) to the frame lines was validated (experiment 1) before separate experiments were done to assess the effects on catches due to six active blue or green LEDs on the footrope (experiment 2) and then on the headline (experiment 3). Catches of the targeted school prawns, Metapenaeus macleayi and some fish (across all sizes; 4–20 cm total lengths), including mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus, southern herring, Herklotsichthys castelnaui, and painted stinkfish, Eocallionymus papilio were similarly and significantly lower in trawls with at least one active LED treatment, and with greater consistency when these were on the headline. Some loss of target catches would preclude the commercial use of LEDs on the frame lines of the tested trawls. However, evidence of strong responses among some fish and their known behavioural and swimming differences to penaeids might support testing LEDs at other locations, including inside trawls, to reduce bycatches while maintaining target catches.

Highlights •The spatial distribution of fishery stocks in the Beibu Gulf is jointly influenced by environmental factors and human activities such as fishing pressure.•Climate change is projected to alter the spatial aggregation patterns of fish populations, with noticeable shifts in species distribution centroids.•Under different CO2 emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5), significant differences in habitat suitability and expansion trends were observed among fish species.•Sciaenidae is identified as a potentially vulnerable taxon under the low-emission scenario (RCP2.6), showing a reduction in suitable habitat.•Fish community structure in the Beibu Gulf is expected to undergo further changes in response to future climate-driven habitat shifts.

The Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system is widely regarded as an effective policy tool to regulate fishing, to maintain the economic level, and to promote the sustainability of resources. However, its implementation can influence the distribution of quotas, potentially leading to changes in the economic structure of the sector, which raises concerns about the future of small-scale vessels. This study evaluates the impact of ITQs on bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Ports of the Strait of Gibraltar, where ITQs have been applied since 2008. To analyze these effects, we use Lorenz curves and Gini indices to examine the evolution of catches and income. The results reveal that the application of ITQs has reinforced the concentration of economic activity in these ports. Based on these findings, we propose a new ITQ distribution to ensure the economic viability of small-scale vessels and to address the concentration caused by the current ITQ system. Our redistribution proposal focuses on reallocating quotas to vessels that no longer catch bluefin tuna as bycatch and those that currently have low allocations. This paper provides insights into the economic consequences of rigid quota allocation systems that may be relevant to fisheries facing similar challenges worldwide.

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Highlights •Two-dimensional CFD simulations are performed for the flow around a near-bed cylinder with various cross-sectional shapes.•A particle model is developed and used to simulate particle paths in the cylinders’ wakes.•The simulations are used to access catchment and sediment suspension potential of the different shapes.

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For this paper, we are going to compare five variables in the National Innovation System (Localization, Originality, Diversification, Cycle time of technology, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) for BRICS countries (Brazil, Federation of Russia, India, China, and South Africa). To do so, the paper first classifies BRICS countries into three different groups: fast catch-up, catch-up, and slow or no catch-up. Then, the paper analyses the changes in those five variables for the thirty years using USPTO patent data. The paper finds that fast-catching-up BRICS countries have different trajectories for localization, originality, the cycle time of technology, and HHI from slower catch-up BRICS countries. Then, the paper discusses strategies for middle-income countries to break through the middle-income trap which is different from simply following advanced countries.

Context Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient in agriculture, affecting both crop yields and soil health. In Denmark, one of the most densely farmed regions in the world, excess reactive nitrogen (Nr) compounds are lost to the environment along gaseous and hydrological pathways in forms such as nitrate, ammonia, nitrogen oxides and dinitrogen.Objectives Here, we aim to assess the effect of different field management practices (fertilisation, crop residue management or cultivation of catch crops) on environmental Nr losses and the field scale soil net GHG balance (i.e., sum of soil C stock changes and direct and indirect N2O emissions).Methods For this purpose, highly detailed data from the Danish Agricultural Watershed Monitoring Program (LOOP-program; 2013–2019) were used in combination with the process-based model LandscapeDNDC.Results and conclusions The results indicate that a mixture of organic and synthetic fertilisers turns soils to a stronger net sink of GHGs (∼70 – ∼514 kgCO2−eq ha−1 yr−1) compared to exclusive use of only one type of fertiliser. In addition, incorporating crop residue and cultivation of catch crops increases the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 3–11 % on average and decreases environmental Nr losses.Significance These findings emphasize the potential of targeted fertiliser, residue and catch crop management to increase the sustainability of crop production systems in Denmark.

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No summary available.

A continuous microfluidic glycosylation strategy that requires no chromatography between steps and significantly expedites glycosylation chemistry is described. This practical approach incorporates the advantages of imidazolium-based chromatography-free purification and in situ mass spectrometry reaction monitoring to achieve fast reaction optimization and shorter reaction times. We demonstrate the utility of this strategy in the synthesis of a series of glycoside targets, including an α-(1,6)-trimannoside and a branched Man5 oligomannoside, within 1 day.

Karthik, Anahita BETTER CATCH UP, KRISHNA KUMAR Harper/HarperCollins (Teen None) $19.99 1, 27 ISBN: 9780063341142 A botched first kiss sparks a summer of self-discovery. Indian American Krishna Kumar's summer in […]