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In the Philippines, nemipterid fishes hold substantial economic importance due to their high market value. However, the local longline fisheries lack specific regulations for managing the capture of these fishes. This study aimed to determine the optimum hook size for increasing catchability in nemipterid fishing while minimizing bycatch, thus promoting sustainable fisheries. We conducted experimental fishing at three depth ranges, using Mustad J-type hooks of 11 different sizes, ranging from #562, the largest, to #572, the smallest. All Mustad J-type hooks utilized medium-sundried Sardinella lemuru as bait. Seven Nemipteridae species and 31 other bycatch species were collected, with Nemipterus nematophorus emerging as the predominant species, constituting 61.96% and 56.99% of the catch by count and weight, respectively. The largest hook size (#562) demonstrated the lowest catch in both fish count and weight, revealing its inefficacy in capturing a wider size variation of fish. However, larger fish were collected with larger hooks, as suggested by the generalized additive model (GAM). In contrast, the generalized additive model suggested that middle-sized hooks (#566 to #568) yielded the highest catches but with an increased bycatch. Thus, these hook sizes, commonly used by many fishermen, were identified as the most exploitative and risky in terms of increasing bycatch. Using large hooks, preferably #562 to #565, would lead to an increase in the individual catch size for nemipterids, to reduce the small-size fish, and to minimize bycatch. These results suggest that regulating hook sizes is essential for sustainable fishing, which can result in a potential short-term reduction in catch rates but offer long-term benefits for nemipterid fisheries management.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are highly prevalent sexually transmitted infections, notably associated with various cancers. This study analyses the health and economic impacts of HPV-associated diseases in the Czech Republic and evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a catch-up vaccination program.Methods: Utilizing a Markov multistate model, the study assesses the lifetime impacts and costs related to HPV infections. Cohorts of ages 15–21 were simulated to assess the impact of catch-up vaccination outside the 11-year-old age group.Results: The total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for the female and male cohorts (together 119,362 individuals) were higher in the vaccination scenario compared to the non-vaccination scenario. The increase in QALYs was 122,246 and 200,852 respectively, when considering the actual vaccination rates. Across both cohorts, 329 cancer-related deaths were prevented. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis for the female population, vaccination was the dominant strategy in 99.3% of iterations. In the male population, vaccination was the dominant strategy in 80.3% of iterations. The implementation of catch-up vaccination for the 15–21 age group significantly increased QALY gains and reduced life-years-lost (LYLs). In the female cohort, all analysed rates of catch-up vaccination were the dominant strategy, while in the male cohort, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) remained consistently below 42,000 CZK/QALY.Conclusions: The catch-up vaccination program for 15-21-year-olds is cost-effective and can prevent a significant number of HPV-related cancers in both men and women.

The existing theoretical framework fails to explain the behavioral mechanisms employed by latecomer enterprises in their pursuit of standardization catch-up. In order to address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive and structured case study on Huawei’s standardization strategy. Using both deductive and inductive approaches, the findings from our research reveal Huawei’s ‘pyramid standardization strategy’ consisting of four distinct stages: following (1987–2002), defense (2003–2008), breakthrough (2009–2015), and sharing (2016–present). Drawing from the theoretical framework of academic literature on ‘catch-up in standardization’, we propose a ‘standardization catch-up model’ that incorporates three crucial elements: a top-down behavioral foundation, middle-up essential supporting components, and bottom-up culture and values. Furthermore, we identified five key propositions from the Huawei case, which emphasize the importance of R&D investment, low-cost engineers, professional teams, relations with international standards organizations, and open innovation as driving factors. By shedding light on the role of internal capabilities, patent-based innovation, and organizational culture, our research significantly contributes to the understanding of catch-up through standardization strategy.

The study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of IUGR and consequent catch-up growth on metabolic health by using a comprehensive approach that included histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and metabolomics analyses. Sprague–Dawley pregnant rats either undergo bilateral uterine artery ligation or a sham surgery on the 19th day of gestation. The offspring reached catch-up growth, kidney samples were collected at postnatal weeks 2, 4, and 8 for analysis. IUGR rats exhibited a spectrum of changes including reduced glomeruli number, proliferating cell number, altered oxidative stress markers, various enzymes involved in Krebs cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and energy metabolism. Examination of the 8-week-old cohort identified a broader spectrum of metabolic alterations, notably in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, pyruvate, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and citrate (TCA) cycle. Our metabolomics analysis provides insights into the potential disease susceptibility of individuals born with IUGR, including obesity, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular diseases, and mental retardation. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between intrauterine conditions and long-term metabolic health outcomes, highlighting the need for further investigation into preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the risk of metabolic diseases in individuals with a history of IUGR.

This paper addresses the challenge of missing data in scientific research. It specifically examines the case of missing data arising from a “catch-all” missing not at ran (MNAR) mechanism, where missing values are disproportionately from one category, such as income or ethnicity in surveys. The study introduces the use of the regression diagnostic DFBETAS along with Leverage to improve the imputation of categorical data under such conditions. DFBETAS, a measure of influence in regression, is adapted to capture the intrinsic information of missing values, thereby enhancing the imputation process within a Bayesian multiple imputation (MI) framework. We validate the proposed approach through Monte Carlo simulations with data generating mechanisms based on probability distributions. The results show that incorporating DFBETAS and Leverage significantly improves the accuracy of imputations, optimizes the balance between its sensitivity and specificity reduces bias, and enhances confidence interval coverage of imputed estimates, especially as the strength of the catch-all mechanism increases. The study demonstrates that MI with DFBETAS and Leverage outperforms standard MI methods, offering a robust solution for handling categorical data with catch-all MNAR mechanisms. This advancement in imputation methodology provides a more accurate and efficient means of dealing with missing data in various research fields.

Our aim in this study was to analyze associations between the two manipulative tests of the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) battery and the Wall Drop Punt Kick & Catch (WDPK&C) motor task. One hundred and twelve early adolescents (60 boys; 52 girls; M age = 12.67, SD = 1.78 years) participated. Overall, strong correlations were found between the WDPK&C and the MCA manipulative tests, either separately (r = 0.802 for kicking, r = 0.762 for throwing) or collectively (r = 0.835). In boys, correlations between WDPK&C and MCA kicking (r = 0.722) and MCA throwing (r = 0.754) were similar. In girls, MCA kicking was more closely related to WDPK&C performance (r = 0.612) than MCA throwing (r = 0.330). These results reinforce the possible use of WDPK&C as a gross manipulative coordination test, either by itself or when integrated into motor competence batteries.