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Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) and obesity among Korean workers. Methods: Data were derived from the 2016–2023 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationally representative dataset. The final analytic sample comprised 17,208 Korean workers aged 26 to 64 years. General and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women, respectively. Sleep patterns were categorized into sufficient sleep, weekend CUS, and insufficient sleep. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between sleep patterns and obesity, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables. Results: Compared to individuals with sufficient sleep, those with weekend CUS showed increased odds of general obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.21) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.18). The insufficient sleep group had even higher odds for both general obesity (AOR = 1.23) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.33). Conclusions: Insufficient sleep is significantly associated with increased risks of both general and abdominal obesity among Korean workers. While weekend CUS may offer partial mitigation of obesity risk, it should not be considered a substitute for regular, adequate sleep. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further explore causal relationships between sleep patterns and obesity in working populations.

Background Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is often used as a lifesaving nutritional regimen in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates. However, nutrition perturbations during the early critical period may permanently program metabolism via methyl-dependent epigenetic alterations that can lead to obesity and dyslipidemia in adulthood. Methyl group availability can be increased by adding betaine and creatine to TPN.Objectives We sought to determine whether TPN in early life would have long-term effects on the development of obesity, whether IUGR will exacerbate these TPN-induced effects, and whether supplementing betaine and creatine to TPN will alleviate these effects.Methods Twenty four 7-d-old female piglets were randomly assigned to suckled, TPN-control diet (TPN-control), and TPN with betaine and creatine groups. Eight IUGR piglets were fed TPN (TPN-IUGR) as a fourth group. After 2 wk of TPN, all pigs received semi-restricted standard feed until adulthood (9 mo). Plasma and tissues were measured for lipids, hormones, and other metabolites associated with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.Results Growth rates of TPN-IUGR were 32% and 42% greater than TPN-control during the 1–4 mo and 4–6 mo periods, respectively (P < 0.05), indicating catch-up growth, which led to greater adiposity, as indicated by a 16% higher backfat thickness at 9 mo (P < 0.05). Moreover, TPN-IUGR pigs had 2.54-fold and 3.28-fold greater (P < 0.05) accumulation of ectopic triglyceride deposition in the liver and skeletal muscle, respectively, possibly due to 67% greater fasting plasma nonesterified fatty acids (P < 0.001). TPN-control was not different from suckled or TPN with betaine and creatine pigs, suggesting that feeding TPN during the neonatal period did not result in obesity later in life, and methyl nutrient supplementation to TPN had no effect on obesity.Conclusions IUGR has a profound effect on developing obesity later in life, but TPN feeding does not lead to obesity in adulthood.

In order to develop a method that apply sampling survey data randomly obtained at fishing ports to fish stock assessments, based on fish landing surveys conducted at fishing ports in the northern South China Sea (SCS), 19 Threadfin porgy (Evynnis cardinalis) catch per unit effort (CPUE) datasets were collected for fishing vessels with different gear types and engine powers and incorporated into surplus production models. Considering only the fitting performance, the Schaefer model had the best overall goodness of fit, followed by the Fox, CYP, W–H, and Schnute models. Among fishing vessels with different gears and engine powers, the data were best fitted for single-trawl vessels powered by 301–400-kW engines and for gillnet vessels powered by > 200-kW engines. Eight model expressions were superior and selected for subsequent analyses based on their goodness of fit and relative residuals. The Kobe plot analysis results showed an optimistic fish stock status when using the four model expressions, required more caution when using three model expressions and output pessimistic estimations using one model expression. Considering the incomplete information acquired, a compromising decision-making method was used to derive a 2017 northern SCS E. cardinalis total allowed catch (TAC) of 44,691.21 t. The different conclusions drawn from estimations using CPUEs reflect variable exploitation and utilization fish stock statuses among fishing vessels with different gears and engine powers. Hence, the fishing operations were grouped according to their CPUE relationship, and recommendations regarding optimum fishing efforts were assigned to the groups following a fundamental principle: to improve fishery TAC management, fishing efforts should be reduced if the fish stock assessment is pessimistic and maintained if the assessment is optimistic. This study providing a feasible technical method for the TAC management of China's offshore fisheries.

In 1825, an enterprising Canterbury newsagent by the name of Henry Ward raised a subscription to commission a lasting tribute to his beloved musical society. The result was a fine lithograph showing 100 gentlemen in assured poses, carefully placed in surroundings eloquently freighted with classical allusion, cultural literacy, deep-rooted patriotism, and strictly masculine politics. That image is the subject of this book.With insights gleaned from a unique collection of music, papers, and artefacts in the archives of the city and the cathedral, this study considers not only the accomplished performance of bourgeois status which is clearly visible in the print, but other characteristics of the Club which are either less pictorially privileged or entirely omitted. Deploying iconographical, cultural, and musicological analysis, the book discusses this curiously contradictory slice of British social history in which the respectable apparently coexisted happily with the libertine. What emerges is an unusually clear view of the production, performance and consumption of music in a provincial city at a fascinating time: a period when cultural activity was a strategic assertion of socio-political identity.

This study sheds light on the catch-up dynamics in natural resource-based industries (NRBI) of developing countries considering learning modes, technological capability dimensions, catch-up strategies, and windows of opportunity. It provides a framework for examining the technological catch-up of latecomer Exploration & Production companies while emphasizing the nature of the industry and characteristics of lagging behind and under-sanction countries like Iran. The analytical framework has been examined by studying two Iranian oil companies. Findings show that latecomer E&P companies can take two distinct paths for technological catch-up, including increasing the depth of operational capability and upgrading the level of advanced capability.

English: Discusses the activities of the ensemble made up from previous members of the Internationale Ensemble Modern Akademie.

Background: Migrants in the UK and Europe face vulnerability to vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) due to missed childhood vaccines and doses and marginalisation from health systems. Ensuring migrants receive catch-up vaccinations, including MMR, Td/IPV, MenACWY, and HPV, is essential to align them with UK and European vaccination schedules and ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality. However, recent evidence highlights poor awareness and implementation of catch-up vaccination guidelines by UK primary care staff, requiring novel approaches to strengthen the primary care pathway.Methods: The ‘Vacc on Track’ study (May 2021–September 2022) aimed to measure under-vaccination rates among migrants in UK primary care and establish new referral pathways for catch-up vaccination. Participants included migrants aged 16 or older, born outside of Western Europe, North America, Australia, or New Zealand, in two London boroughs. Quantitative data on vaccination history, referral, uptake, and sociodemographic factors were collected, with practice nurses prompted to deliver catch-up vaccinations following UK guidelines. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with staff and migrants explored views on delivering catch-up vaccination, including barriers, facilitators, and opportunities. Data were analysed using STATA12 and NVivo 12.Results: Results from 57 migrants presenting to study sites from 18 countries (mean age 41 [SD 7.2] years; 62% female; mean 11.3 [SD 9.1] years in UK) over a minimum of 6 months of follow-up revealed significant catch-up vaccination needs, particularly for MMR (49 [86%] required catch-up vaccination) and Td/IPV (50 [88%]). Fifty-three (93%) participants were referred for any catch-up vaccination, but completion of courses was low (6 [12%] for Td/IPV and 33 [64%] for MMR), suggesting individual and systemic barriers. Qualitative in-depth interviews (n = 39) with adult migrants highlighted the lack of systems currently in place in the UK to offer catch-up vaccination to migrants on arrival and the need for health-care provider skills and knowledge of catch-up vaccination to be improved. Focus group discussions and interviews with practice staff (n = 32) identified limited appointment/follow-up time, staff knowledge gaps, inadequate engagement routes, and low incentivisation as challenges that will need to be addressed. However, they underscored the potential of staff champions, trust-building mechanisms, and community-based approaches to strengthen catch-up vaccination uptake among migrants.Conclusions: Given the significant catch-up vaccination needs of migrants in our sample, and the current barriers to driving uptake identified, our findings suggest it will be important to explore this public health issue further, potentially through a larger study or trial. Strengthening existing pathways, staff capacity and knowledge in primary care, alongside implementing new strategies centred on cultural competence and building trust with migrant communities will be important focus areas.

Background: Catch-up growth issues among children born small for gestational age (SGA) present a substantial public health challenge. Prenatal exposure to heavy metals can cause adverse effects on birth weight. However, comprehensive studies on the accurate assessment of individual blood concentrations of heavy metals and their effect on the failure to achieve catch-up growth remain unavailable. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of uterine exposure to toxic metals cadmium, lead, and mercury and essential trace metals manganese and selenium at low concentrations on the postnatal growth of children born SGA.Methods: Data on newborn birth size and other factors were obtained from the medical record transcripts and self-administered questionnaires of participants in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The blood concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, and manganese in pregnant women in their second or third trimester were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These heavy metal concentrations were also assessed in pregnant women’s cord blood. Furthermore, the relationship between each heavy metal and height measure/catch-up growth in SGA children aged 4 years was analyzed using linear and logistic regression methods. These models were adjusted for confounders.Results: We studied 4683 mother–child pairings from 103,060 pregnancies included in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Of these, 278 pairs were also analyzed using cord blood. At 3 and 4 years old, 10.7% and 9.0% of children who were born below the 10th percentile of body weight had height standard deviation scores (SDSs) below 2, respectively. Cord blood cadmium concentrations were associated with the inability to catch up in growth by 3 or 4 years old and the height SDS at 3 years old. In maternal blood, only manganese was positively associated with the height SDS of SGA children aged 2 years; however, it was not significantly associated with catch-up growth in these children.Conclusion: Cadmium exposure is associated with failed catch-up development in SGA children. These new findings could help identify children highly at risk of failing to catch up in growth, and could motivate the elimination of heavy metal (especially cadmium) pollution to improve SGA children’s growth.

Background: The Netherlands is one of few countries worldwide which has used the bivalent HPV vaccine for girls-only for over a decade. This allows assessment of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against female genital HPV DNA-positivity of this vaccine in an observational post-licencing real-world setting. Additionally, it is unclear whether catch-up vaccination campaigns result in similar VE as routine vaccination. Therefore, type-specific and grouped VE were assessed and compared for women who had been eligible for catch-up vaccination at 13–16 years with those who had been eligible for routine vaccination at 12 years.Methods: PASSYON is a Dutch biennial repeated cross-sectional (2011–2021) study among sexual health clinic clients aged 16–24 years old. Women provided self-collected vaginal samples, questionnaires on demographics and sexual behaviour were administered, and women self-reported HPV vaccination status. Samples were analysed using a PCR-based assay (SPF10-LiPA25). Type-specific and grouped VE estimates, adjusted with propensity score stratification, were assessed against genital positivity for 14 HPV types. VE for targeted and non-targeted genotypes were compared between women who had been eligible for the catch-up and those who had been eligible for routine vaccination.Results: The study included 4488 female participants who had been eligible for HPV vaccination and provided genital swabs (1561 eligible for catch-up, 2927 for routine vaccination). Very high VE against genital HPV-16 and HPV-18 was observed (resp. 93.5% and 89.5%) and significant cross-protection against six other genotypes (HPV-31/33/35/45/52/58), varying from 18.0% (HPV-52) to 79.6% (HPV-45). VE estimates were comparable between women who had been eligible for the catch-up campaign and those eligible for routine vaccination: VE HPV-16/HPV-18: 92.2% (95%CI: 87.9–94.9) vs. 91.8% (95%CI: 86.0–95.2).Conclusions: In real-world settings, the VE of bivalent vaccine is high against targeted genotypes, with cross-protection against 6 other genotypes. Catch-up campaigns up to age 16 years can be as effective as routine vaccination at age 12, although it is recommendable to provide HPV vaccination at an age at which most are likely not sexually active yet. This may inform countries considering catch-up campaigns when introducing or extending the use of HPV vaccination within their national immunisation programmes.

For coordinated regional growth and the development of high-quality manufacturing, China must narrow its regional energy efficiency gap and catch up inter-regionally. This paper focuses on whether China’s inter-provincial manufacturing energy efficiency has technological diffusion and a catch-up effect and explores its possible influencing factors, which are important for narrowing the differences in China’s manufacturing energy efficiency and promoting the improvement of the overall level of efficiency. Between 2011 and 2020, 30 Chinese manufacturing industries will be evaluated using a non-radial distance function model under environmental conditions. By employing the Dagum Gini coefficient method, regional disparities were analyzed, with hyper-variable density and efficiency discrepancies between regions making a noteworthy contribution. This paper evaluated a catch-up effect by constructing a frontier productivity model that considered the influence of China’s manufacturing energy efficiency. Results show a general rise in energy efficiency, particularly in coastal regions, higher than inland ones. The Gini coefficient of energy efficiency in manufacturing experienced a slight increase; however, when comparing it to the regional efficiency frontier, the catch-up effect and technology diffusion effect of China’s provincial manufacturing energy efficiency become more pronounced when taking into account the national efficiency frontier; the sub-regional manufacturing energy efficiency catch-up effect has different performances; the catch-up and technology diffusion effect is more evident after controlling for Economic development, innovation levels, the environmental regulation, and the proportion of high-energy-consumption output value and other influencing factors.

The Chasing All Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH) space mission is focused on exploring the dynamic universe via X-ray follow-up observations of various transients. The first pathfinder of the CATCH mission, CATCH-1, was launched on June 22, 2024, alongside the Space-based multiband astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) mission. CATCH-1 is equipped with narrow-field optimized Micro Pore Optics (MPOs) featuring a large effective area and incorporates four Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) in its focal plane. This paper presents the system calibration results conducted before the satellite integration. Utilizing the data on the performance of the mirror and detectors obtained through the system calibration, combined with simulated data, the ground calibration database can be established. Measuring the relative positions of the mirror and detector system, which were adjusted during system calibration, allows for accurate installation of the entire satellite. Furthermore, the paper outlines the operational workflow of the ground network post-satellite launch.

Background: The interplay between intrauterine and early postnatal environments has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of mitochondrial pathology in PAH, the specific mechanisms driving fetal-originated PAH remain elusive.Methods and results: To elucidate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of fetal-originated PAH, we established a rat model of postnatal catch-up growth following intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) to induce pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). RNA-seq analysis of pulmonary artery samples from the rats revealed dysregulated mitochondrial metabolic genes and pathways associated with increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial remodeling in the RC group (postnatal catch-up growth following IUGR). In vitro experiments using pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from the RC group demonstrated elevated proliferation, migration, and impaired mitochondrial functions. Notably, reduced expression of Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in mitochondrial fusion, was observed in the RC group. Reconstitution of Mfn2 resulted in enhanced mitochondrial fusion and improved mitochondrial functions in PASMCs of RC group, effectively reversing the Warburg effect. Importantly, Mfn2 reconstitution alleviated the PAH phenotype in the RC group rats.Conclusions: Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, characterized by reduced Mfn2 expression, plays a critical role in the development of fetal-originated PAH following postnatal catch-up growth after IUGR. Mfn2 emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing IUGR-catch-up growth induced PAH.