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Abstract—: Data on the first catches of redfin Pseudaspius leptocephalus, yellowfin pufferfish Takifugu xanthopterus, and common dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus in Sakhalin Bay waters are presented. Other catch locations of Coryphaena hippurus in Sakhalin waters are presented. Issues related to these catches are discussed.

Objective We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of "weak hooks" in reducing the bycatch of Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus in the U.S. Gulf of America (also known as Gulf of Mexico) pelagic longline fishery while maintaining catch rates and size distributions of the primary target species, Yellowfin Tuna T. albacares. Methods A total of 416 experimental pelagic longline sets were conducted aboard commercial vessels in the Gulf of America. Two treatments were compared: a 4.00-mm-diameter circle hook (control) and a custom-made 3.65-mm-diameter circle hook (weak), which were deployed in an alternating fashion. Fish catches and sizes were recorded for each hook type, and catch rates and size distributions were compared statistically. A hook straightening metric was paired with fish fork length for 888 control hooks and 863 weak hooks that caught Yellowfin Tuna. Hook time recorders and time depth recorders were used to estimate escape times for animals that bent weak hooks. Results No significant differences were observed in catch rates between hook types for any of the captured species except Bluefin Tuna, whose catch rates were 46% lower on weak hooks. No differences in size frequency distributions were observed for Yellowfin Tuna between hook types, but larger Bluefin Tuna were caught less frequently on weak hooks. Hook gap widening increased with fish size and was over twice as pronounced for weak hooks compared to control hooks. Approximately 50% of escaped animals that bent weak hooks escaped within 5 min. Conclusions Weak hooks effectively reduced the bycatch of large Bluefin Tuna without significantly affecting the catch rates or size distributions of the primary target species or other encountered species. The increased likelihood of hook straightening on weak hooks suggests a mechanism for selective release of larger Bluefin Tuna, and escape data indicate rapid release for many animals. These results support the use of weak hooks as a tool for reducing bycatch of large Bluefin Tuna and promoting more sustainable fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants who experience a marked postnatal catch-up, mainly in weight, are at risk for developing metabolic disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms are imprecise. Exosomes and their cargo (including miRNAs) mediate intercellular communication and may contribute to altered crosstalk among tissues. We assessed the miRNA profile in cord blood-derived exosomes from 10 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 10 SGA infants by small RNA sequencing; differentially expressed miRNAs with a fold change ≥2.4 were validated by RT-qPCR in 40 AGA and 35 SGA infants and correlated with anthropometric, body composition (DXA) and endocrine–metabolic parameters at 4 and 12 mo. miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p and miR-206 were down-regulated, whereas miR-372-3p, miR-519d-3p and miR-1299 were up-regulated in SGA infants. The target genes of these miRNAs related to insulin, RAP1, TGF beta and neurotrophin signaling. Receiver operating characteristic analysis disclosed that these miRNAs predicted with accuracy the 0–12 mo changes in body mass index and in total and abdominal fat and lean mass. In conclusion, the exosomal miRNA profile at birth differs between AGA and SGA infants and associates with measures of catch-up growth, insulin resistance and body composition through late infancy. Further follow-up of this population will disclose whether these associations persist into childhood, puberty and adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-scale fisheries are the most dominant category of fishing fleet among all active fishermen in Indonesia. Various small-scale fishing fleets are also found at the Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port. Handline fishing is one of several small-scale fishing fleets (

CATCH-1, as the first satellite of Chasing All Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH) space mission, was successfully launched into its expected orbit on June 22, 2024. The flight model underwent environmental tests before launch, including thermal cycling, thermal vacuum, and mechanical evaluations. The CATCH-1 detector system is equipped with a 4-pixel Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) array. To ensure the reliability and redundancy of the CATCH-1 detector system, two sets of data acquisition systems were independently designed and calibrated. Our focus is on presenting the ground calibration results of CATCH-1, which demonstrate a strong linear correlation between energy and channel. The main data acquisition system achieves an energy resolution of ∼≤∼4μs≤10μs 120 eV@4 keV, while the backup data acquisition system has a slightly lower energy resolution of around 150 eV@4 keV, both meeting the design requirement of ∼≤∼4μs≤10μs 160 eV@4 keV. Additionally, the time resolution is ∼≤∼4μs≤10μs, complying with the design requirement of ∼≤∼4μs≤10μs. The calibration database now includes the ground calibration results of CATCH-1, establishing a dependable basis for future data analysis. The development experience, calibration, and test results of this detector system will also provide a solid foundation for subsequent tasks such as CATCH-2.

Populations of many elasmobranchs have decreased globally, with over a third of species threatened with an elevated risk of extinction, largely due to fishing pressure. In West Africa, a general lack of species-specific catch data limits the ability to implement effective management, despite significant elasmobranch catch. The aim of this study was to (1) assess landings of mobulid rays, along with other elasmobranch species, recorded opportunistically in fisheries from Guinean waters, (2) provide information on the value and trade of these species, and (3) discuss management implications. Elasmobranchs were photographed and identified during market surveys over a ten-month period in 2014 and 2015, at four local Guinean fish markets: Bonfi, Boulbinet, Kassa, and Kamsar. A total of 1954 specimens, comprising 17 different elasmobranch species, were recorded across all markets. Of these species, 94% are assessed as threatened (vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered) and 6% are assessed as Near Threatened on the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species. The only mobulid species recorded was Mobula thurstoni, with significantly larger specimens recorded in Boulbinet, while in Bonfi fishing grounds overlapped with young-of-the-year specimens. When considering all elasmobranch landings, Bonfi and Boulbinet had similar species compositions, although when considering daily data, species composition tended to differ. Indicator Species Analysis indicated that Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus leucas, and Mustelus mustelus were top indicator species for Bonfi (with high specificity and fidelity), while Paragaleus pectoralis and Gymnura sereti were key indicator species for Boulbinet. Records of selling price at Bonfi were higher for various stingray species than larger shark species, suggesting meat as a primary driver of the fishery. This study adds insight into the species composition of elasmobranch catch in West Africa and highlights specific fishing sectors contributing to elasmobranch exploitation locally; information which is needed to understand the effects on regional stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]