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An attempt has been made to develop a system for sequentially counting the number of fish caught using images taken on board. Fish catch counting for each local sea area contributes to fishery resource management and decision support for efficient operation. In this case, visual information is helpful for an intuitive explanation. The developed system consists of fish detection, fish tracking, and overdetected track deletion: to count fish robustly to its movement around on a deck, the fish detection stage attempts to absorb changes in the appearance of the fish, while the tracking stage dares not to use the appearance information to prevent the tracks from being unduly disconnected. Experimental comparisons using onboard video data of bullet tuna trolling demonstrated that the system could count fish with 89% precision and 87% recall.

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Abstract Early childhood stunting can result in sub-optimal executive functions (EF), affecting academic achievements and economic potential in later life. This study hypothesized that children always stunted (AS) at ages 2, 5 and 9 years had lower EF than those who were never stunted (NS). A birth-cohort in Vellore, India was followed up with periodic anthropometric and development/cognitive measures over 2, 5 and 9 years of age. Based on stunting status at these time points, children were classified as NS, stunted at 2 years and caught up by 5 years (S2N5), stunted at 2 and 5 years but caught up later (S5N9), and AS. At 9th year, children underwent neuroimaging using 3T MRI scanner and EF assessment using FAS phonemic fluency test, colour cancellation test and colour trials tests (CTT). From the original birth-cohort of 251, 205 children were reviewed at 9 years. FAS phonemic fluency test showed NS group had significantly higher test scores compared to AS (11.52 vs. 7.4, p = 0.02). In CTT, a significant difference in near misses score was observed between NS and AS groups (0.12 vs. 0.38, p = 0.03). Upon evaluating unimodal brain association areas, volumes of right occipital fusiform gyrus (9991 mm3 vs. 9313 mm3; p = 0.04; η2 = 0.11), and left lateral occipital cortex (13458 mm3 vs. 12559 mm3; p = 0.03; η2 = 0.07) were significantly higher among NS compared to AS group. Considering higher order association areas, only left pars triangularis was found to be significantly reduced among AS children compared to NS group (4284 mm3 vs. 3291 mm3; p = 0.01; η2 = 0.07). Similarly, there were also significance visible in the basal ganglia regions and the cerebellum. Current study demonstrated EF dysfunction in verbal fluency and inhibitory control in a dose response fashion in groups AS-to-NS with corresponding EF-related brain volumetric changes, highlighting the need for focused nutritional and nurturing approaches in early childhood for gain in human capital.

Digital technology has a significant influence on future economic growth. Achieving catch-up in the context of digital development is crucial for firms. However, the mechanisms between firms' digital technology adoption (DTA) and catch-up are underexplored. Based on panel data of A-share listed manufacturing firms in China from 2012 to 2021, this study investigates the impact of DTA on firms' technological catch-up (TC) and market catch-up (MC) from theoretical and empirical perspectives. The following findings are drawn. (1) DTA positively and significantly affects firms' TC and MC, and the results remain valid after using the instrumental variables method, propensity score matching, and other robustness tests. After removing the order-of-magnitude discrepancies and dimensions, DTA had a more significant effect on MC than TC. (2) Dynamic capacity mediates the relationship between DTA and firms' catch-up. (3) The heterogeneity analysis finds that DTA influences TC and MC in state-owned enterprises and high-tech firms more significantly. This study provides a new perspective on firms' catch-up and guides for firms to develop effective DTA and catch-up strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In engineering and other fields, metaheuristic algorithms are increasingly used to solve challenging optimization problems. High-dimensional and multimodal issues are complex for traditional optimization techniques, which has led to the development of hybrid metaheuristics that are improved by artificial neural networks (ANNs). To improve search efficiency and solution accuracy, this work presents an ANN-assisted Catch Fish Optimization Algorithm (MCFOA), which draws inspiration from conventional fishing methods. Numerous engineering applications, such as the optimal design of the side profile of an electric vehicle battery box, shell and tube heat exchanger, industrial gear optimization, and welded beam cost minimization, show off the efficacy of MCFOA. For the novel battery case problems, the modified optimizer realized a 20 % improvement in the design compared to the initial design, as well as a 4.5 % improvement compared to the Starfish optimizer. Moreover, for the engineering design problems, the modified optimizer realized 4–10 % better results in terms of the best values of the fitness function. This shows the applicability and implementation of the proposed optimizer for the optimization of real-world engineering problems.

The Indian Ocean Tuna Commission expresses concern over the overfished state and susceptibility to the overfishing of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Acknowledging the challenges of increased fishing effort in a profitable fishery, our study aims to understand factors influencing French purse seine fishing vessel dynamics. Our primary goal is to assess purse seine vessel utilisation with recent catch limits and compliance with the European Union Common Fisheries Policy, which mandates measures to align fishing capacity with opportunities to sustain fish stocks at maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Using Data Envelopment Analysis, we evaluate the relationship between vessel fishing capacity to catch limits and the MSY reference point for yellowfin tuna. Findings indicate that the French fleet could meet catch limits with approximately 21% fewer vessels if fully utilised and 26% fewer if reduced to meet their equivalent MSY share. Aligning capacity with fishing opportunities is crucial for the profitability and preservation of these essential tuna populations, resulting in more sustainable and economically viable fisheries.Graphical abstract: