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2058653
Catch Me If You See: Using Visual Cue and Explanatory Feedback to Enhance Human Phishing Detection
Phishing attacks are a major cybersecurity threat that exploit human weaknesses to steal sensitive information. Although detection systems have improved, phishing attacks remain widespread which highlights the need for human-centered defenses. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of visual cues and explanatory feedback in improving users’ ability to detect phishing emails. We conduct a user study with 55 participants and first evaluate detection accuracy across two tasks: one without visual cues (task-1) and one with visual cues (task-2), to assess their impact. Upon completion of task-2, the participants receive explanatory feedback. Then they participate in a third task (task-3) to evaluate new emails (without visual cues). Through measuring their accuracy, we examine how email categories influence detection performance and how this changes with visual cues and feedback. Results show that visual cues offer only modest improvements in phishing detection with no statistically significant accuracy gains (task-1: 58.18% vs. task-2: 68.73%), and lead to increased misclassification of legitimate emails. In contrast, explanatory feedback significantly enhances both phishing and legitimate email detection, with overall accuracy improving to 70% in task-3, a gain of 13.82% compared to task-1 and 12.91% compared to task-2, with validated gains confirmed through a follow-up user study. Additionally, detection performance varies across email categories, with emotionally manipulative and deceptive tactics proving more difficult to detect but showing improvement after receiving explanatory feedback. These findings offer actionable insights for designing effective, feedback-based user training programs to complement automated phishing detection systems.
The Early Bird Catches the Leak: Unveiling Timing Side Channels in LLM Serving Systems
The wide deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has given rise to strong demands for optimizing their inference performance. Today’s techniques serving this purpose primarily focus on reducing latency and improving throughput through algorithmic and hardware enhancements, while largely overlooking their privacy side effects, particularly in a multi-user environment. In our research, for the first time, we discovered a set of new timing side channels in LLM systems, arising from shared caches and GPU memory allocations, which can be exploited to infer both confidential system prompts and those issued by other users. These vulnerabilities echo security challenges observed in traditional computing systems, highlighting an urgent need to address potential information leakage in LLM serving infrastructures. In this paper, we report novel attack strategies designed to exploit such timing side channels inherent in LLM deployments, specifically targeting the Key-Value (KV) cache and semantic cache widely used to enhance LLM inference performance. Our approach leverages timing measurements and classification models to detect cache hits, allowing an adversary to infer private prompts with high accuracy. We also propose a token-by-token search algorithm to efficiently recover shared prompt prefixes in the caches, showing the feasibility of stealing system prompts and those produced by peer users. Our experimental studies on black-box testing of popular online LLM services demonstrate that such privacy risks are completely realistic, with significant consequences. Our findings underscore the need for robust mitigation to protect LLM systems against such emerging threats.
Association Between Weekend Catch-Up Sleep and Obesity Among Working Adults: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Population-Based Study.
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) and obesity among Korean workers. Methods: Data were derived from the 2016–2023 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationally representative dataset. The final analytic sample comprised 17,208 Korean workers aged 26 to 64 years. General and abdominal obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women, respectively. Sleep patterns were categorized into sufficient sleep, weekend CUS, and insufficient sleep. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between sleep patterns and obesity, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables. Results: Compared to individuals with sufficient sleep, those with weekend CUS showed increased odds of general obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.21) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.18). The insufficient sleep group had even higher odds for both general obesity (AOR = 1.23) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.33). Conclusions: Insufficient sleep is significantly associated with increased risks of both general and abdominal obesity among Korean workers. While weekend CUS may offer partial mitigation of obesity risk, it should not be considered a substitute for regular, adequate sleep. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further explore causal relationships between sleep patterns and obesity in working populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Scalable and Sustainable DMF-Free Solid-Phase Synthesis of Liraglutide by 1-Tert-Butyl-3-Ethylcarbodiimide-Mediated Couplings and Catch-and-Release Acylation and Purification Strategies
Introduction: The growing need for sustainable practices in pharmaceutical manufacturing has stimulated advancements in peptide synthesis. This study focuses on applying green chemistry principles to the synthesis of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 analog liraglutide.Material and Methods: The safer coupling reagent 1-tert-butyl-3-ethylcarbodiimide (TBEC) was tested in combination with eco-friendly binary solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and butyl acetate to propose novel and sustainable solid-phase synthetic and purification strategies of liraglutide.Results: Two synthetic strategies were developed for liraglutide production. The first strategy was based on a “direct synthesis”, incorporating a lipidated lysine building block into the peptide sequence, achieving 86% HPLC purity after catch-and-release purification. The second strategy based on “catch-lipidation-and-release” approach, allowed to obtain the peptide precursor without the lipid moiety, which was later linked during a controlled lipidation step. This latter strategy yielded purities exceeding 90% and reduced reliance on preparative HPLC. TBEC minimizes hazardous byproducts, such as hydrogen cyanide, and enhances solvent compatibility, achieving crude purities and yields comparable to conventional syntheses.Conclusion: This work underscores the potential of green chemistry to align pharmaceutical innovation with environmental responsibility. In particular our findings highlight the effectiveness of TBEC and green solvent systems optimizing scalable and sustainable SPPS processes and improving resource efficiency. Thus, we propose a viable pathway to produce the therapeutic peptide ingredient liraglutide significantly reducing the environmental impact while maintaining high efficiency and quality of the synthesis.
Alaskan Catch
A dream job it's not. But for Emily Prentice, working as a seafood inspector in Ketchikan, Alaska, takes her one step closer to becoming a marine biologist. And it'll give her a first taste of independence from her overprotective mom and the doctor boyfriend she's pushing into Emily's arms. Emily's certainly not looking for romance... until a huge dog knocks her down and sends her flying into fish goo. It's love at first sight for Emily and Bear, whose handsome owner, Sam, becomes flummoxed when the fallen worker in the hard hat turns out to be a pretty young woman. Emily and Bear begin a beautiful relationship, with Sam in tow. And before long the attraction between the humans becomes undeniable. But separation and a dangerous undertaking soon leave Emily wondering if she'll lose Sam before she gets to tell him how she really feels... Bear wants his humans staying together, and before he's done, both Emily and Sam will learn one essential canine truth: A dog is the only one on earth who loves you more than you love yourself.Praise for Sue Pethick's Novels “Quirky characters abound in this gentle romantic comedy with a hint of suspense. But it's the comic scenes featuring Shep that steal the show.... Readers who delight in tales about the bond between people and their dogs will enjoy.” —Booklist on Please Don't Feed the Mayor“A light, heartwarming read perfect for a wintry afternoon at home or a sunny beachvacation.” —RT Book Reviews on Pet Friendly “Filled with romance, drama, and family love... a fun, light hearted read that is sure to give you warm fuzzy feelings. ”—Modern Dog on The Dog Who Came for Christmas “Witty and emotional.... Grab a treasured pet and a box of tissues before sitting down to read this endearing tale.” —RT Book Reviews on Boomer's Bucket List
Variation in the catch rate and distribution of three important commercial Spanish mackerel (Commerson: Niphonius: Guttatus) related to ENSO events around the waters off Taiwan
Spanish mackerel species are migratory species, also are highly commercially valuable in Taiwan. However, in recent years, climate change and variability have influenced oceanographic conditions, substantially impacting the population dynamics of pelagic species. This study developed weighted habitat suitability index models for three crucial Scomberomorus species—Scomberomorus commerson, Scomberomorus niphonius, and Scomberomorus guttatus—in the waters off Taiwan. Remote sensing data including sea surface temperature, sea surface chlorophyll-a, sea surface salinity, and sea surface height, along with voyage data records that included detailed catch data from Taiwanese drift gillnet fisheries were collected during 2011–2019. The primary fishing grounds for S. commerson are located in the central to southwestern Taiwan Strait, while S. niphonius and S. guttatus are mainly found in the coastal waters off western Taiwan. In autumn, the oceanographic factor preferences are relatively similar among Scomberomorus species, with sea surface temperature being the primary influencing factor. Sea surface height turns to the main influencing factor in winter. Based on the results of the weighted habitat suitability model, we found seasonal differences in habitat preferences and ranges. There is more pronounced overlap in potential habitat in autumn and partial separate condition in potential habitat in winter among Scomberomorus species. Further exploration of the spatiotemporal distribution dynamics of Scomberomorus species under different ENSO periods revealed that during La Niña periods, the potential habitat ranges are broader and extend further south. In contrast, during El Niño periods, and the potential habitat ranges contract northward. Habitat suitable index model may be a useful approach for evaluating possible changes in habitat suitability resulting from climate change or other oceanographic phenomena and in offering suggestions for fishery scientific management.