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Background Chronic sleep deprivation is widespread and associated with detrimental health outcomes, including inflammation. A common strategy to address weekday sleep deficits is weekend catch-up sleep (WCS). However, the relevance of the WCS on systemic inflammation, as quantified by the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), remains inadequately understood.Methods This cross-sectional analysis examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020 cohort. To explore the relationship between the WCS and the SII, we employed univariate analysis, weighted linear regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) techniques, and subgroup analyses.Results The final sample included 4849 adults. Weighted linear regression confirmed a negative association between the WCS and the SII after adjusting for potential confounders (β = −16.72, 95 % CI: −34.29 to 0.85, P = 0.04). Subgroup analyses revealed that this association varied by obesity, gender, and age. Additionally, the association between the WCS duration and the SII was non-linear (P = 0.006) in adults with a weekday sleep duration of 7–8 h.Conclusion WCS can help mitigate the inflammatory burden associated with chronic sleep deprivation. WCS durations of 3 h and longer are particularly beneficial for adults who experience sleep deprivation on weekdays. The association between WCS and SII appears to be moderated by factors such as obesity, gender, and smoking status.

Commercial fisheries constitute a valuable source of high-resolution information that can aid in assessing stocks and establishing management schemes. Especially, multi-gear and multi-species fisheries can provide fine-scale insights in space and time with regards to the patterns in species distribution and abundance as well as to the comparative behavior of the fishing gears deployed. In this work we propose a Generalized Additive Modeling framework to standardize catch data collected through observer monitoring programs using a 2018–2021 dataset from the eastern Ionian (Mediterranean Sea, FAO GFCM GSA20) as a case study of data-poor mixed fisheries. Our framework extends the standardization procedures by accounting for preferential sampling, integrating effort from multiple gears and jointly modeling species. We show that such an integration leads to more robust estimations of abundance for both target and by-catch species as well as decreases inference uncertainty. Regarding single stocks, the identification of the independent effect of factors (e.g. spatial, temporal, fishing effort, gear, skipper effect) can aid in monitoring and management decisions; furthermore, an objective index of abundance is estimated that can be used to infer inter-annual trends from more extended time-series useful for stock assessments. Using standardized catch values, we have generated seasonal maps of species distribution and multiple-species persistence hotspots that are useful for designing spatiotemporal management restrictions and also informative of species ecology. We also address the effect of the technical (selectivity) and behavioral aspects of the fishing gears to inform gear-based management. Finally, we demonstrate how this broad inferential process can be condensed to form species assemblages (based on their shared responses on drivers of catch and abundance) as well as fishing gear assemblages (based on their catch profiles and the apparent heterogeneity between vessels deploying common gears) that can act as units of reference for management. Apart from an objective estimation of stock abundance in time and space, our standardization framework illustrates how ecological, technical and behavioral aspects of mixed fisheries can be collectively evaluated to inform stock assessment and management.

The ability of children to recover from linear growth retardation, often referred to as catch-up growth, has intrigued researchers for many decades. Whether adoption from a low-income to a high-income setting, which provides a comprehensive improvement in the conditions that cause children to not grow well, leads to catch-up growth is unknown. We estimated the association of adoption (or placement in foster care) with catch-up in linear growth and child development before 5 y of age. We conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis using individual participant data for linear growth. We obtained study-specific and subgroup estimates and pooled the estimates using random-effects models. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the robustness of our findings. A review of child-development outcomes was conducted. We included 485 children under 5 y of age from 9 adoption studies. At baseline, children had a mean age of 15.8 mo and a length deficit of 3.9 cm. Adoption reduced this gap by 77% or 3.0 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9, 4.1 cm; mean age: 32.3 mo). Catch-up growth was found in both girls (3.6 cm; 95% CI: 2.9, 4.2 cm) and boys (2.5 cm; 95% CI: 1.9, 3.1 cm) and in children adopted after the age of 24 mo (2.2 cm; 95% CI: 0.6, 3.7 cm). The sensitivity analyses did not change any of the substantive findings. The magnitude of catch-up in child development (mean reduction in deficit of 46%) was smaller than that in linear growth. Catch-up in linear growth in children under 5 is biologically possible when the environment is improved profoundly and comprehensively. Partial reversal of the accumulated height deficit is more likely than recovery in developmental outcomes, which highlights the need to ensure all children grow and develop in environments that prevent deficits from occurring rather than trying to correct them.This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022298715 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPEROFILES/298715_PROTOCOL_20220429.pdf).

No summary available.

Background: Sleep has been proven to be associated with various chronic diseases and aging. However, many individuals fail to achieve recommended sleep durations on weekdays and opt for compensatory sleep during weekends. This study aims to investigate the relationship between weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) and aging. Methods: All participants were sourced from NHANES 2017–2018. Using the sleep questionnaire, we obtained participants' sleep timings and durations on weekdays and weekends. Weekend CUS was identified as an extension in average weekend sleep duration. Biological age is a biomarker for evaluating biological aging, and its difference from actual age is used to determine aging. Weighted logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between CUS and aging. Results: A total of 4,713 participants were included in this study, with an average age of 47.54 ± 16.94 years. 50.6% of individuals experienced CUS. Compared to individuals without CUS, participants with CUS had a 20% lower risk of aging (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.63−1). Specifically, participants who engaged in CUS for 0−1 hour showed a 23% lower risk of aging (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96), and those with CUS for 1−2 hours had a 20% lower risk of aging (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.98). Stratifying by bedtime, the relationship between CUS and reduced aging risk is only observed in individuals who usually go to sleep before midnight and have CUS less than 2 hours. Conclusion: The 0–2 hour CUS is associated with a reduced risk of aging, and this relationship is more significant in participants who go to bed early and have healthy sleep patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's large free-roaming dog populations contribute to significant human health, environmental, and social challenges. Population management strategies, such as catch-neuter-vaccinate-release (CNVR), aim to reduce dog numbers, improve their welfare, and reduce human-animal conflict. Humane Society International (HSI; now operating as Humane World for Animals), in partnership with the Animal Health Foundation, implemented a CNVR program in Jamshedpur, neutering and vaccinating over 20,000 dogs. This study evaluated the impact of this program on dog health, population structure and size. The study areas encompassed 10 sites within Jamshedpur, including both intervention sites where CNVR was directly applied and sites without direct intervention. Data was collected from May 2014 until December 2018, including bi-annual street surveys, as well as clinical data from the dogs captured and treated. We fit logistic regression, negative binomial, and binomial mixed effects models to assess changes in dog population characteristics, health, and reproductive conditions over time in relation to the CNVR intervention. We found that, over the period of this study, the probability of dogs entering the clinic with mange, transmissible venereal tumours, and pregnant significantly reduced. Street surveys showed an increase in sterilised dogs, with higher proportions observed in CNVR-treated sites, although the counts of dogs observed increased overall. The age-structure of free-roaming dogs remained stable over time. In CNVR-treated areas, the probability of observing lactating female dogs decreased, whereas it increased in untreated sites. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge investigating the impact of dog population management interventions. Continued monitoring and evaluation of CNVR programs are required to identify optimal coverage required to reduce population size effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early attempts to teach travel training to people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDDs) utilized simulation, role playing, and prompting systems; however, these studies utilized interventions that were not age appropriate. More recently, non-interactive computer-based video instruction has been shown to be temporarily effective in teaching young adults diagnosed with IDDs how to signal the bus driver when they wanted to disembark, but the lack of interactivity precluded lasting outcomes. To address this gap, the authors document the creation of a gamified training application, Catch the Bus©(CtB), that uses gamification dynamics, mechanisms, and components. Through the lenses of goal-setting theory, the technology acceptance model, and social cognitive theory CtB training emulates progression as users acquire skills necessary to scaffold to the next level of training. CtB training explicitly focuses on elapsed time to (a) circumvent the expectation of conventions of near-instantaneous travel often associated with video games, and (b) foster time management skills. To explore the effectiveness of CtB training, a mixed methods pilot case study was conducted with individuals having IDDs. The study focused on the efficacy and impact of CtB training on participants' skills and anxiety related to public transit. Findings indicate that CtB training resulted in an increase in participants' self-efficacy in terms of planning a bus trip to new destinations, utilizing bus route maps, and transferring buses correctly. Additionally, CtB training decreased participants' anxiety associated with public transportation usage and increased participants' confidence in navigating public transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clients should be made aware that if they are between the ages of 60 and 63 inclusively they have the ability to make additional elective catch-up contributions. Often clients in this age range are at a relatively high level of career earnings and thus are able to make larger contributions to their retirement plan accounts. At the same time, all clients need to be aware that for any catch-up contributions, if their income is above the threshold in the prior year, the catch-up amounts will be given Roth treatment once that new rule becomes effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anaerobic digestion industry, which is still developing, generates biogas from organic waste products. A co-product of this process, digestate, is increasingly produced and can be recycled on agricultural land as an alternative to mineral fertilizers. Biogas digestate is a recent product whose chemical composition differs from that of its source material, and additional data still need to be acquired on its effects on dissolved carbon fluxes. The objectives of this study were to assess (i) the effects of applying biogas digestate on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes with different winter crops, (ii) the dynamics of DOC and DIC concentrations during the drainage season, and (iii) the annual dynamics of DOC and DIC fluxes along the soil profile. The study examined effects of applying biogas digestate, pig slurry, or a mineral fertilizer to winter wheat and two catch crops (mustard and a multispecies crop) on DOC and DIC fluxes in the soil. Lysimeters at 40 cm (topsoil) and 90 cm (subsoil) depths were monitored from 2014 to 2023, from November to March (i.e., 9 winter drainage seasons). During the drainage season, the DOC concentration was highest with digestate, and its timing depended on development of the cover crop: from the beginning of the drainage season for mustard and the multispecies crop and around February for wheat. Applying digestate increased the topsoil DOC fluxes (mean of 35.7 ± 13.7 kg.ha⁻¹ with digestate vs. 21.0 ± 6.7 kg.ha⁻¹ with the other treatments), particularly under mustard. Topsoil DIC fluxes were highest with pig slurry due to higher mineralization than that with digestate (mean of 59.1 ± 22.8 kg.ha⁻¹ with pig slurry vs. 46.2 ± 16.3 kg.ha⁻¹ with the other treatments). In the subsoil, DOC fluxes were low (6.2 ± 4.1 kg.ha⁻¹) and DIC fluxes were high (80.0 ± 45.7 kg.ha⁻¹), with no difference among treatments.

No summary available.

The development of civilization is related to an increase in energy demand, while its production is still based mainly on fossil fuels. The release of carbon into the environment, which disturbs the balance of the global system, is the consequence of using these fuels. One possible way to reduce the carbon footprint of the energy sector is the widespread use of cover crops' biomass for energy production. The aim of this paper is to critically review the knowledge on the dissemination of catch and cover crops' cultivation in different regions of the world, and the yield, chemical composition and biomethane potential of their biomass. Additionally, the environmental benefits, as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with this biomass use in the energy sector, are considered. The review showed that the aboveground biomass of cover and catch crops is a valuable source for the production of bioenergy in biogas plants. However, the key role of these crops is to prevent soil degradation. Therefore, changes in biomass target use must be preceded by a multi-aspect analysis that allows their impact on the environment to be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of gray wolves ( Canis lupus ) in Lower Saxony, Germany, has increased since they recolonized the region in 2007, and developing appropriate management strategies requires accurate information on wolf habitat use. As research on space use and foraging ecology necessitates capture, tagging, and tracking of wolves, we evaluated the feasibility of using cage traps to catch animals unharmed. Due to legal restrictions in Germany, especially concerning body-grasping traps (e.g., foothold traps and foot snares), we developed an alternative trapping system. From July 2018 to December 2020, we installed net box traps at different locations in Lower Saxony. However, our study was disrupted and traps were removed prematurely because of human activities and sabotage. Although we did not capture any wolves, we photographically documented wolf pups entering our net box traps on seven occasions and suggest that young wolves can potentially be captured in our net box traps. We believe our work opens the possibility for further trapping options to improve future research on European gray wolves.