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How to catch a ghost? Comparing two camera trap-based monitoring methods for elusive small mustelids in the Italian Alps
Small mustelids are increasingly recognized as species requiring conservation attention. In recent years, several camera-based methodologies have been developed to study them, but studies comparing different methods are still rare. To identify the most effective method to study small mustelid populations, we compared two camera-based monitoring methods in the Italian Alps. We also examined the effects of sampling session and habitat type on the occupancy probability and tested the “umbrella effect” of these methods for rodents. After superimposing a 700 × 700 m grid on an Alpine valley (Maritime Alps Natural Park, northwestern Italy), we surveyed 36 cells over three separate 45-day sessions from June to October 2023. In each cell, we employed (1) an “Alpine Mostela”, a foldable PVC box containing a camera trap and a PVC 9 cm Ø tube, and (2) a stand-alone trail camera. All devices were located at least 150 m from the others, and salmon oil was used as bait in half of the cells. To compare the methods, we used a single-season Bayesian occupancy model. The detection probability of stoats was higher with unbaited Alpine Mostelas and baited external cameras. We found the highest occupancy probability in the second session and non-forested habitats. Bait use positively affected the number of non-target videos. In this study, unbaited Alpine Mostelas and baited external cameras demonstrated reliable performance in detecting stoats. However, with the Alpine Mostela accomplishing slightly better results with much fewer non-target videos, it emerged as the preferred choice for long-term stoat monitoring.
Weaving a web to catch them all: inclusive pedagogies in mathematics
Inclusion is an area of strategic importance in Aotearoa New Zealand and internationally, requiring that all learners have access to quality education. Nonetheless, children with disabilities in our schools are often excluded from rich learning opportunities, particularly in mathematics. Teaching through inclusive pedagogies, by contrast, supports teachers to plan for and teach all children; however, we know little about how teachers may apply these approaches to their teaching of mathematics. In this article, we report on a case study of one teacher’s practice as we develop a ‘research lesson’ approach that enhances the engagement and learning of all children, including those who are most at risk of being excluded in mathematics lessons. Participants described challenges to inclusive teaching mathematics such as differentiation, engaging contexts, children’s experience of anxiety, and children’s comfort with oral language and discussion. We found that research lesson reflections enabled solutions to be found for these challenges as part of the process of identifying them. We argue that an approach focussed on inclusion is a tool with potential to help teachers to rethink their mathematics classroom organisation and planning. Inclusive teaching may be enacted differently depending on the context; however, we found the key teaching practice to be planning for inclusion at the outset, followed by focussed reflections on teaching. Further, we suggest that research into innovative mathematics pedagogies is most likely to be successful when there is a focus on inclusive pedagogy.
Catch before they fall: a pose-guided attention framework for indoor safety
Falls can pose a serious health threat, especially for older people, often leading to fractures, head injuries, or long-term disability. This highlights the need for reliable and non-invasive detection systems. Existing solutions often suffer from limitations such as user discomfort with wearables, constrained coverage of fixed sensors, or environmental challenges in vision-based methods. This paper proposes a dual-stream attention-guided robust indoor fall detection framework to solve the problem. The approach combines a pose-guided stream with a video stream, in which the former captures high-level skeletal features through MediaPipe and simultaneously processes spatiotemporal dynamics from raw RGB frames using a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a temporal attention module. In order to enhance classification precision, features from each stream are adaptively fused in a block based on attention mechanisms, which improves the model’s interpretation of posture and movement semantics. Testing on the KFall dataset reveals that the proposed method achieves 98.71% accuracy, surpassing pre-existing benchmarks. Triggering a visual alert by displaying a red rectangle on the screen upon the occurrence of this event is a subsequent outcome of this work. An ablation study highlights the effectiveness of each component. Finally, the proposed work advances fall detection by combining pose estimation and attention-based deep learning to deliver an accurate, interpretable, and deployable solution.
Results of trawl counts for juvenile pink salmon in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas in 2024 and prospects for the returns and catch in the Karaginsky subzone and Okhotsk Sea in 2025
The key stage of juvenile pink salmon monitoring is the survey of their fall feeding in the sea that detects the year-class strength. The results of this survey are used for forecasting of the pink salmon returns to the Karaginsky fishing subzone in Bering Sea and to the Okhotsk Sea and the landing in the next year. The trawl surveys with two research vessels have conducted in recent years that allows to cover vast areas in a short time and to exclude repeated counts of the same fish on neighbor transects. In 2024, such trawl survey for pink salmon counting was conducted in the western Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea that provided representative data on the juveniles abundance used for forecasting their returns and catches in the Karaginsky fishing subzone and Okhotsk Sea. The abundance of pink salmon in the western Bering Sea was estimated in 452∙106 ind. that was about a half of their numbers in previous even years (2018, 2020, 2022). Their return to the Karaginsky fishing subzone in the next year is expected as 72∙106 ind. at the lower limit of confidence interval, that provides the catch of 49∙103 t with the expected weight of spawners about 1 kg and 32 % escapement to the spawning grounds. In the Okhotsk Sea, the abundance of pink salmon was estimated in 1077∙106 ind. that was lower than in 2020 and 2022. Their expected return to the Okhotsk Sea in the next year is expected as 123∙106 ind. at the lower limit of confidence interval, that provides the catch of 100∙103 t with the weight of 1.3 kg and escapement of 35 %. Abundance in «northern» and «southern» regional complexes of local stocks is estimated for pink salmon in the Okhotsk Sea using cluster analysis with the expectation-maximization algorithm (EM clustering); the «northern» group prevailed with the ratio 64:36 %.