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Background Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is defined as the coexistence of two or more cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. Weekend catch-up sleep (WCS) is an effective repayment of sleep debt, and the association between WCS and CMM, and between WCS and CMM under the influence of average sleep duration, weekday sleep duration, and weekend sleep duration is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between WCS and CMM and their association under different sleep durations.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2017–2018 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset (N = 3431). Weighted multivariate logistic regression models estimated the odds ratio (OR) and their 95 % confidence interval (95%CI) between WCS and CMM, associations between WCS and CMM under different sleep duration stratifications were examined. A restricted cubic spline plot was used to describe the relationship between various sleep durations, WCS durations, and the prevalence of CMM.Results WCS made a statistically significant difference between those with CMM and no-CMM (p 

Highlights •The relationships between weekend sleep catch-up and loss and risk of type 2 diabetes remain unclear.•Weekend sleep catch-up could be a potential strategy against type 2 diabetes among those with sleep deprivation during weekdays.•Even in the absence of weekday sleep insufficiency, reduction in sleep duration on weekends may contribute to increased risk of type 2 diabetes.•Tyrosine, leucine, creatinine, and some lipid metabolites were identified linking weekend sleep catch-up and loss to type 2 diabetes.

The technological catch-up literature has not yet systematically assessed how different industries from latecomer economies have progressed in catching up. A significant challenge is the lack of reliable measures of innovation capability across countries, industries, and time. In this study, we develop a new measure of innovation capability called quality-weighted revealed innovation advantage (QRIA), which captures innovation capability more comprehensively and reliably than extant measures by simultaneously addressing issues of patent quantity distortion and patent quality heterogeneity. We apply QRIA to evaluate how globally competitive Chinese manufacturing industries (N = 22) have become in terms of innovation capability by using data from all invention patents granted by the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) between 1983 and 2017. Using China as the empirical context, our study provides the first worldwide comparative evidence of technological catch-up across countries and industries over time. Our analyses reveal that while Chinese manufacturing industries have seen significant growth in patents, there are notable differences and time-varying changes in their innovation capabilities compared to their global counterparts. Only two industries have narrowed their gaps with global leaders: (1) computer, electronic, and optical products manufacturing and (2) electrical equipment manufacturing. The other industries have either fallen further behind global leaders or remained close to the average innovation capability.

The tendency to postpone tasks until the very last minute, whether in an academic setting, at school, or at the workplace, is a many common phenomenon experienced by individuals. This behavior, known as procrastination, has been extensively researched. While a significant number of people prefer to tackle tasks immediately rather than delaying them, there is limited research on the opposite behavior, often referred to as “precrastination.” This study aims at addressing this lack of research by developing the first measurement tool to make the construct of precrastination researchable. The questionnaire is named Facets of (Mal)adaptive Precrastination Scale (FIPS). To accomplish this, a sample of N = 214 German young to middle-aged adults was selected for the initial development of the instrument. Subsequently, another sample of N = 354 individuals was used for confirmatory factor analyses. The FIPS was validated by testing relationships with previously researched and well-known constructs, such as various personality traits. The outcome of this study is a three-dimensional questionnaire measuring functional precrastination, as well as precrastination driven by fear and by compulsion. By capturing both the behavior and its underlying motivations, the FIPS provides a reliable and efficient self-report instrument that enables research beyond laboratory paradigms and facilitates studies with larger and more diverse samples.

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Mucosal-mediated immune deficiency is associated with immune evasion and poor clinical outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we describe the elicitation of mucosal and systemic immune response by oral delivery of MDP-modified PEG-lipid (MDP-PEG-DSPE) and polylactic acid–polyhistidine (PLA–PHis) copolymer constructed nanosystem (mPOD) into Peyer’s patches. To protect against gastrointestinal degradation, enteric-soluble capsules are utilized for encapsulating mPOD to promote penetration across intestinal mucus and engender robust Peyer’s patch targeting initiated by MDP-PEG-DSPE. Compared with intravenous and intramuscular administration, the oral delivery of MDP-PEG-DSPE and 5′-triphosphate-modified RNA (ppp-RNA) into gut-associated lymphoid tissues reinforces dendritic cell maturation and migration, amplifies mucosal immune response, and boosts the production of secretory immunoglobulin A via retinoic acid-inducible gene I/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (RIG-I/NOD2) signaling activation. In the AML murine model, the provoked mucosal immunity positively regulates the systemic cytotoxic immune reactions, which, in turn, eradicate disseminated malignant leukemic cells and provide defense against leukemia attacks.