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Background: Sleep has been proven to be associated with various chronic diseases and aging. However, many individuals fail to achieve recommended sleep durations on weekdays and opt for compensatory sleep during weekends. This study aims to investigate the relationship between weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) and aging. Methods: All participants were sourced from NHANES 2017–2018. Using the sleep questionnaire, we obtained participants' sleep timings and durations on weekdays and weekends. Weekend CUS was identified as an extension in average weekend sleep duration. Biological age is a biomarker for evaluating biological aging, and its difference from actual age is used to determine aging. Weighted logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the relationship between CUS and aging. Results: A total of 4,713 participants were included in this study, with an average age of 47.54 ± 16.94 years. 50.6% of individuals experienced CUS. Compared to individuals without CUS, participants with CUS had a 20% lower risk of aging (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.63−1). Specifically, participants who engaged in CUS for 0−1 hour showed a 23% lower risk of aging (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96), and those with CUS for 1−2 hours had a 20% lower risk of aging (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.98). Stratifying by bedtime, the relationship between CUS and reduced aging risk is only observed in individuals who usually go to sleep before midnight and have CUS less than 2 hours. Conclusion: The 0–2 hour CUS is associated with a reduced risk of aging, and this relationship is more significant in participants who go to bed early and have healthy sleep patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's large free-roaming dog populations contribute to significant human health, environmental, and social challenges. Population management strategies, such as catch-neuter-vaccinate-release (CNVR), aim to reduce dog numbers, improve their welfare, and reduce human-animal conflict. Humane Society International (HSI; now operating as Humane World for Animals), in partnership with the Animal Health Foundation, implemented a CNVR program in Jamshedpur, neutering and vaccinating over 20,000 dogs. This study evaluated the impact of this program on dog health, population structure and size. The study areas encompassed 10 sites within Jamshedpur, including both intervention sites where CNVR was directly applied and sites without direct intervention. Data was collected from May 2014 until December 2018, including bi-annual street surveys, as well as clinical data from the dogs captured and treated. We fit logistic regression, negative binomial, and binomial mixed effects models to assess changes in dog population characteristics, health, and reproductive conditions over time in relation to the CNVR intervention. We found that, over the period of this study, the probability of dogs entering the clinic with mange, transmissible venereal tumours, and pregnant significantly reduced. Street surveys showed an increase in sterilised dogs, with higher proportions observed in CNVR-treated sites, although the counts of dogs observed increased overall. The age-structure of free-roaming dogs remained stable over time. In CNVR-treated areas, the probability of observing lactating female dogs decreased, whereas it increased in untreated sites. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge investigating the impact of dog population management interventions. Continued monitoring and evaluation of CNVR programs are required to identify optimal coverage required to reduce population size effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clients should be made aware that if they are between the ages of 60 and 63 inclusively they have the ability to make additional elective catch-up contributions. Often clients in this age range are at a relatively high level of career earnings and thus are able to make larger contributions to their retirement plan accounts. At the same time, all clients need to be aware that for any catch-up contributions, if their income is above the threshold in the prior year, the catch-up amounts will be given Roth treatment once that new rule becomes effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anaerobic digestion industry, which is still developing, generates biogas from organic waste products. A co-product of this process, digestate, is increasingly produced and can be recycled on agricultural land as an alternative to mineral fertilizers. Biogas digestate is a recent product whose chemical composition differs from that of its source material, and additional data still need to be acquired on its effects on dissolved carbon fluxes. The objectives of this study were to assess (i) the effects of applying biogas digestate on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes with different winter crops, (ii) the dynamics of DOC and DIC concentrations during the drainage season, and (iii) the annual dynamics of DOC and DIC fluxes along the soil profile. The study examined effects of applying biogas digestate, pig slurry, or a mineral fertilizer to winter wheat and two catch crops (mustard and a multispecies crop) on DOC and DIC fluxes in the soil. Lysimeters at 40 cm (topsoil) and 90 cm (subsoil) depths were monitored from 2014 to 2023, from November to March (i.e., 9 winter drainage seasons). During the drainage season, the DOC concentration was highest with digestate, and its timing depended on development of the cover crop: from the beginning of the drainage season for mustard and the multispecies crop and around February for wheat. Applying digestate increased the topsoil DOC fluxes (mean of 35.7 ± 13.7 kg.ha⁻¹ with digestate vs. 21.0 ± 6.7 kg.ha⁻¹ with the other treatments), particularly under mustard. Topsoil DIC fluxes were highest with pig slurry due to higher mineralization than that with digestate (mean of 59.1 ± 22.8 kg.ha⁻¹ with pig slurry vs. 46.2 ± 16.3 kg.ha⁻¹ with the other treatments). In the subsoil, DOC fluxes were low (6.2 ± 4.1 kg.ha⁻¹) and DIC fluxes were high (80.0 ± 45.7 kg.ha⁻¹), with no difference among treatments.

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The development of civilization is related to an increase in energy demand, while its production is still based mainly on fossil fuels. The release of carbon into the environment, which disturbs the balance of the global system, is the consequence of using these fuels. One possible way to reduce the carbon footprint of the energy sector is the widespread use of cover crops' biomass for energy production. The aim of this paper is to critically review the knowledge on the dissemination of catch and cover crops' cultivation in different regions of the world, and the yield, chemical composition and biomethane potential of their biomass. Additionally, the environmental benefits, as well as the challenges and opportunities associated with this biomass use in the energy sector, are considered. The review showed that the aboveground biomass of cover and catch crops is a valuable source for the production of bioenergy in biogas plants. However, the key role of these crops is to prevent soil degradation. Therefore, changes in biomass target use must be preceded by a multi-aspect analysis that allows their impact on the environment to be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]