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Recently, China has undergone rapid urbanization in terms of population and urban land growth. However, there are notable lags in the people-oriented dimensions of urbanization, including urban social services, environmental services, and socioeconomic equity, which are crucial for achieving SDG11 (sustainable cities and communities). Here, considering the complex dimensions of urbanization, we examined 16 people-oriented urbanization indicators across four dimensions, namely, economic, social, environmental, and equity dimensions, from 2005 to 2020, and their relationships with population/land urbanization at multiple scales (national, regional, and urban agglomeration scales), and among different city sizes, via the paired t test and the evenness index. Notably, between 2005 and 2020, these urbanization indicators of China showed an overall upward trend, with changes ranging from 1.09 to 53.95 times. Among the 16 people-oriented urbanization indicators, the economic and social indicators lagged behind the land and population urbanization, whereas the environmental indicators caught up. The evenness index among these indicators showed a U-shaped change pattern, which indicated that people-oriented urbanization was coming up with population/land urbanization since the implementation of China new-type urbanization plan in 2014 until 2020. In the future, increasing investment in social service systems and implementing place-based coordination strategies are necessary to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

To compare the difference between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) of singleton and twin in terms of catch-up growth (CUG) and nutritional status in the first year after birth through a prospective cohort study. A total of 340 singleton and twin children were recruited. Dietary questionnaires were completed at enrollment and at 3 and 6 months of age. Anthropometric data were presented as Z scores. The Z score of weight, length and/or head circumference > − 2SD were used as criteria for CUG. The CUG rate of the twin AGA was the highest. Rapid CUG of twin SGA occurred within 3 months, and the CUG rate of weight was greater for twin SGA than for singleton SGA at 1 year old. The length CUG rate for twin SGA was the lowest within 3 months, 17.05% of the singleton SGA and 22.22% of the twin SGA did not reach CUG. The CUG was independent of feeding mode, and higher energy support did not improve CUG outcome. Twin AGA children have a better CUG rate, whereas CUG might take longer in SGA, especially for twin SGA. Higher energy support does not necessarily improve CUG outcomes. Trial registration number The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with registration number ChiCTR2100053434 and was recorded in the medical research registry. Date of registration: Nov 21, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study how housing market conditions shape the housing careers of Australians. Utilising data from the Australian Census spanning from 1991 to 2021, we observe significant differences in ownership rates at age 30 across birth cohorts. Moreover, these differences widen significantly as housing affordability falls. Using synthetic cohort techniques, we evaluate the persistence of these differences. Our results reveal that while the homeownership rates of younger cohorts 'catch up' somewhat with those of their older counterparts, a substantial gap remains at age 50. Early access to homeownership is also linked to the ownership of larger homes by middle age. Our study underscores the long-term consequences of housing market conditions on homeownership trajectories.

Ship emissions represent a significant environmental issue, directly connected to the fuel consumption and highly investigated in the last decade. Fuel consumption of a vessel is a key factor in the research of ship energy efficiency, its environmental impact, optimization and economic performance. Fuel consumption is mainly evaluated by available mathematical models, and the estimated value is used in further calculations, thus the results conceal an error. Evaluating the average fuel consumption also disables the possibility to analyze the fuel usage in different operating modes. Further, both technical and operational optimization aim at reducing fuel consumption. To achieve a quality improvement of a ship’s system, the input data on consumption needs to have minimal errors. This paper presents different methods of fuel monitoring and evaluation as well as the development of a modern fuel measurement system for fishing vessels. A short overview of fuel consumption models is given and the focus is shifted to fuel monitoring devices. Fuel monitoring devices are effective tools for determining the exact consumption and investigating the energy efficiency of vessels. The application of flow meters and fuel level sensors in the Croatian fishing fleet is presented and an example of measurements collected by the devices is included.

The high spatial-temporal variability in fishing effort, combined with the difficulty of monitoring individual activities, hampers effective management of recreational fisheries. Angler smartphone applications (apps) offer a promising digital tool for self-reporting of fishing effort (E) and catch per unit of effort (CPUE). However, despite their growing use for data collection in recreational fisheries, the existing literature on their performance remains limited, raising concerns about potential biases in the data. Since 2019, daily trips inside the 12 partially protected Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of the Balearic Islands (Spain) must be self-reported via the “Diari de Pesca Recreativa” app (the App), recording fishing E and CPUE. This study aimed to evaluate the App’s performance in reporting recreational fisheries data over a six-year period. Data obtained via the App (3672 trip self-reports) were compared to data collected through a standard method (360 on-site creel surveys). Importantly, the App represents complete fishing trips, whereas creel surveys record only partial trips, as they are conducted mid-activity. This methodological difference in trip duration reporting was expected to influence estimates of E (hours · angler · trip) and possibly CPUE (catch · E⁻¹). These estimates were compared across datasets overall, as well as stratified by month, fishing type, MPA, and for key target species. Data from the App tended to overestimate E, while creel surveys underestimated it, and significant differences were observed between whole datasets for E and CPUE. However, when stratified, most groups showed no statistically significant differences in E and CPUE estimates. With these generally comparable results, and given that the limitations of one are offset by the strengths of the other, combining both data sources will improve reliability. The App not only generates a higher volume of trip data but also digitizes data collection through a user-friendly platform for self-reporting, enabling automation and analytics for fisheries monitoring and management of recreational fisheries. Because reporting was mandatory in this case, biases commonly associated with voluntary apps (e.g. avidity, age bias) are unlikely to apply, making this study particularly relevant for assessing the utility of mandatory app-based data in fisheries management.

BACKGROUND: The strawberry tortrix, Acleris comariana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a destructive pest of strawberry in Denmark and southern Sweden. The efficacy of pheromone‐based communication disruption of the species was examined in crop fields in southern Sweden. Due to the high cost of purchasing or synthesizing the pheromone (E)‐11,13‐tetradecadienal, lower quantities were applied per ha compared to similar mating disruption studies on other tortricid pests. RESULTS: When treating 1 ha within fields with 14 or 1.4 g of pheromone and using rubber septa as dispensers, trap catches were reduced by ≥98% versus control areas. When treating whole fields with 0.45-0.90 g/ha and using 1 g SPLAT droplets as dispensers, the effect on trap catch was less pronounced (63-95% reduction vs control fields). A corresponding reduction in larval numbers following the treatment was not achieved. Additional experiments revealed that males are more attracted to SPLAT droplets compared to trap lures, and aggregate near SPLAT droplets, indicating that low catches in traps were due to induced allopatry, a form of competitive disruption. In addition, female‐baited traps were outcompeted when placed close to septum‐baited traps. Pest densities were high, and the lack of control effect could be attributed to high encounter rates between the sexes despite the female competitive disadvantage, making mating disruption less efficient. CONCLUSION: Our data show the potential for pheromone‐based control of A. comariana as part of integrated pest management, but the method needs optimization regarding density and strength of dispensers and ways to reduce the initial density of the pest to levels where competitive mechanisms of mating disruption can be efficient. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.