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Research Guides

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FAQ

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How can I search multiple databases at the same time?
Yes, there is a way to search multiple databases at one time. Generally, we recommend doing a search on the library's homepage (https://www.lib.lsu.edu/) using the Discovery search box when just starting out with your research or class assignment. It functions like a Google search in that it searches across many of our databases and the library catalog. Finally, if you prefer to meet with a research librarian who can give you a much deeper dive into searching and using our resources, you can set up an appointment with one. Here (https://www.lib.lsu.edu/staff?field_staff_type=2&search_api_staff=&fiel…) is a list of our research librarians organized by their subject areas. We especially recommend that faculty and graduate students contact their subject specialists when working on major research projects. Answered by: Electronic Resources
Where is the Center located?
The T. Harry Williams Center for Oral History is on the 2nd floor of the Hill Memorial Library. From the stairs: Go up the left staircase, take a left through the double doors, and walk straight through Quiet Study Space Room 201. The Center offices are located in the back right corner of this large room. From the elevators: Take the elevator up to 2, take a right through the double doors, and proceed to walk straight through the Quiet Study Space, Rm 201. The Center offices are in the back right corner of this large room. Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
How does the Center decide whom to interview?
The Williams Center chooses interviewees whose recollections best fit within one of our projects. If you know someone whose life experience fits within one of our projects, let us know about that person and why you think their stories would contribute to our oral history collection. To nominate someone for an interview, complete and return our bio data form. However, due to limited resources, a better alternative may be to interview the person yourself. We can provide guidance and training in oral history techniques so that you can interview people whose stories and memories deserve preservation. To learn more about our training, please visit Create an Oral History (https://lib.lsu.edu/oralhistory) Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
What is a "collection?"
A collection is an interview, and as such, it is assigned a specific collection number, such as 4700.1234. There can be several recordings (indicated by a unique Tape #) within one collection if the person was interviewed on more than one occasion by the same interviewer. A collection is an interview, and as such, it is assigned a specific collection number, such as 4700.1234. There can be several recordings (indicated by a unique Tape #) within one collection if the person was interviewed on more than one occasion by the same interviewer. Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
Who can access LSU Special Collections?
Everyone! You do not have to be affiliated with LSU to access our collections. We do suggest that you create an account so that you can begin requesting materials. Create a Special Collections Request System account at the link below. Create a Create a Special Collections Request System Account Everyone! You do not have to be affiliated with LSU to access our collections. We do suggest that you create an account so that you can begin requesting materials. Create a Special Collections Request System account at the link below. Answered by: Kelly Larson
Processed vs unprocessed collection--what's the difference?
A processed collection has gone through several steps to become a cataloged record, thus available to the researching public. Those steps include a thorough vetting of copyright and restrictions, a verbatim transcription or thorough indexing of the interview including time-stamped calibration, the opportunity for the interviewee to review the transcription, the creation of a finding aid that includes important metadata about the collection, the preservation and optimization of audio files, the creation of user-copies, and cataloging. This process requires the efforts of several LSU Libraries staff members and it has been calculated that for every hour of recording, it takes 35-50 hours to fully process. For a detailed breakdown of the stages and fees associated with archiving oral histories, please see The Oral History Budget. All processed collections are found in the catalog record and many are available on the Louisiana Digital Library. An unprocessed collection is one that has not reached the final stage of completion and is not yet ready to be cataloged. Depending on the stage of processing, more or less of the interview will be available to patrons. See below for the availability of unprocessed collections. An unprocessed collection is not in the catalog record nor the Louisiana Digital Library. A processed collection has gone through several steps to become a cataloged record, thus available to the researching public. Those steps include a thorough vetting of copyright and restrictions, a verbatim transcription or thorough indexing of the interview including time-stamped calibration, the opportunity for the interviewee to review the transcription, the creation of a finding aid that includes important metadata about the collection, the preservation and optimization of audio files, the creation of user-copies, and cataloging. This process requires the efforts of several LSU Libraries staff members and it has been calculated that for every hour of recording, it takes 35-50 hours to fully process. For a detailed breakdown of the stages and fees associated with archiving oral histories, please see The Oral History Budget. All processed collections are found in the catalog record and many are available on the Louisiana Digital Library. An unprocessed collection is one that has not reached the final stage of completion and is not yet ready to be cataloged. Depending on the stage of processing, more or less of the interview will be available to patrons. See below for the availability of unprocessed collections. An unprocessed collection is not in the catalog record nor the Louisiana Digital Library. Answered by: Jennifer Cramer
What are Special Collections?
Special collections refer to unique materials that provide both primary and secondary sources to people conducting original research. Our collections are special due to their scarcity or rarity, historical value, monetary value, or research value. Archives are collections of original records created throughout the lifespan of a person, family, organization, or business. These materials essentially provide evidence of the activities, events, functions, and/or responsibilities of the creator(s). Archives and special collections differ from libraries in the types of materials collected and the ways in which they are acquired, organized, described, and made publicly accessible. These differences prompt us to create specific policies and procedures to ensure that our collections can continue to be used for decades or even centuries to come. Special collections refer to unique materials that provide both primary and secondary sources to people conducting original research. Our collections are special due to their scarcity or rarity, historical value, monetary value, or research value. Archives are collections of original records created throughout the lifespan of a person, family, organization, or business. These materials essentially provide evidence of the activities, events, functions, and/or responsibilities of the creator(s). Archives and special collections differ from libraries in the types of materials collected and the ways in which they are acquired, organized, described, and made publicly accessible. These differences prompt us to create specific policies and procedures to ensure that our collections can continue to be used for decades or even centuries to come. Answered by: Kelly Larson
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Database Listing

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Literary Manuscripts: Berg
The Berg Collection is recognised as one of the finest literary research collections in the world, and the Victorian holdings are the undisputed jewel in its crown. A broad range of authors from across the nineteenth century make this an essential research tool for all scholars and students researching Victorian literature. Most of these unique manuscripts are unavailable in any medium elsewhere. They are supplemented by some rare printed materials, including early editions annotated by the authors. Each author collection is included in its entirety, allowing users to browse and search the manuscripts as they would in the Berg Reading Room.
Literary Manuscripts: Leeds
This path-breaking project offers literary scholars the opportunity to examine complete facsimile images of 190 manuscripts of 17th and 18th century verse held in the celebrated Brotherton Collection at the University of Leeds. These manuscripts can be read and explored in conjunction with the powerful BCMSV database, described in a recent survey of first-line indices for poetry of the long eighteenth century (c.1660-1830) as "the most sophisticated and flexible index yet created for a collection of manuscript poetry".¹ The database includes first lines, last lines, attribution, author, title, date, length, verse form, content and bibliographic references for over 6,600 poems within the collection.
London Low Life
London Low Life is a full-text searchable resource, containing colour digital images of rare books, ephemera, maps and other materials relating to 18th, 19th and early 20th century London. It is designed for both teaching and study, from undergraduate to research students and beyond. In addition to the digital documents, London Low Life contains a wealth of secondary resources, including a chronology, interactive maps, essays, online galleries and links to other useful websites.
Macmillan Cabinet Papers, 1957-1963
Macmillan Cabinet Papers, 1957-1963 provides complete coverage of the Cabinet conclusions (minutes) (CAB 128) and memoranda (CAB 129) of Harold Macmillan’s government, plus selected minutes and memoranda of policy committees (CAB 134). The Cabinet conclusions are taken by the secretary of the Cabinet or one of their assistants and consist of summaries of all discussions in Cabinet, together with a note of decisions reached. Cabinet memoranda consist of all papers circulated to members of the Cabinet and to other ministers for information or as a basis for discussion. These classes provide a distillation of the work of all the other departments of government, ranging in subject matter from agricultural policy and trade to nuclear policy and issues of international diplomacy. This collection also includes 165 files from the Prime Minister's Private Office (PREM 11). These provide an important supplement to the Cabinet records and cover all aspects of policymaking.
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Staff

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Discovery

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Trade-offs between bycatch and target catches in static versus dynamic fishery closures
While there have been recent improvements in reducing bycatch in many fisheries, bycatch remains a threat for numerous species around the globe. Static spatial and temporal closures are used in many places as a tool to reduce bycatch. However, their effectiveness in achieving this goal is uncertain, particularly for highly mobile species.We evaluated evidence for the effects of temporal, static, and dynamic area closures on the bycatch and target catch of 15 fisheries around the world. Assuming perfect knowledge of where the catch and bycatch occurs and a closure of 30% of the fishing area, we found that dynamic area closures could reduce bycatch by an average of 57% without sacrificing catch of target species, compared to 16% reductions in bycatch achievable by static closures. The degree of bycatch reduction achievable for a certain quantity of target catch was related to the correlation in space and time between target and bycatch species. If the correlation was high, it was harder to find an area to reduce bycatch without sacrificing catch of target species. If the goal of spatial closures is to reduce bycatch, our results suggest that dynamic management provides substantially better outcomes than classic static marine area closures. The use of dynamic ocean management might be difficult to implement and enforce in many regions. Nevertheless, dynamic approaches will be increasingly valuable as climate change drives species and fisheries into new habitats or extended ranges, altering species-fishery interactions and underscoring the need for more responsive and flexible regulatory mechanisms.
Playing Catch-Up: Evaluating Playback Speed Control in Low-Latency Live Streaming
The surge in popularity of live video streaming has spurred the development of various bitrate adaptation techniques, all aimed at enhancing user Quality of Experience (QoE). Compared to streaming Video-on-Demand, achieving low-latency live video streaming under fluctuating network conditions poses additional challenges. It requires finding the balance between rebuffering avoidance and latency, as a small client buffer is required to achieve low latency. Video players can also employ playback speed control to help optimize this balance. Specifically, when client buffer occupancy is high and hence latency is high, the player may increase playback speed to reduce the latency; and conversely, when client buffer occupancy is low and hence the risk of rebuffering is high, the player may reduce playback speed to increase buffer occupancy. Based on this rationale, a variety of playback speed control methods have been proposed. This paper evaluates, using a real-world testbed, the effectiveness of various playback speed control mechanisms when applied to a set of bitrate adaptation algorithms, with the evaluation also encompassing variations in target latency and network conditions. Our findings show a lack of coordination between adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithms and playback speed control mechanisms. This leads us to conclude that there is a need for new playback speed control methods designed in conjunction with ABR algorithms.
Catch Me if You Can: Effective Honeypot Placement in Dynamic AD Attack Graphs
We study a Stackelberg game between an attacker and a defender on large Active Directory (AD) attack graphs where the defender employs a set of honeypots to stop the attacker from reaching high-value targets. Contrary to existing works that focus on small and static attack graphs, AD graphs typically contain hundreds of thousands of nodes and edges and constantly change over time. We consider two types of attackers: a simple attacker who cannot observe honeypots and a competent attacker who can. To jointly solve the game, we propose a mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation. We observed that the optimal blocking plan for static graphs performs poorly in dynamic graphs. To solve the dynamic graph problem, we re-design the mixed-integer programming formulation by combining m MIP (dyMIP(m)) instances to produce a near-optimal blocking plan. Furthermore, to handle a large number of dynamic graph instances, we use a clustering algorithm to efficiently find the m-most representative graph instances for a constant m (dyMIP(m)). We prove a lower bound on the optimal blocking strategy for dynamic graphs and show that our dyMIP(m) algorithms produce close to optimal results for a range of AD graphs under realistic conditions.
Learning to Catch Reactive Objects with a Behavior Predictor
Tracking and catching moving objects is an important ability for robots in a dynamic world. Whilst some objects have highly predictable state evolution e.g., the ballistic trajectory of a tennis ball, reactive targets alter their behavior in response to motion of the manipulator. Reactive applications range from gently capturing living animals such as snakes or fish for biological investigations, to smoothly interacting with and assisting a person. Existing works for dynamic catching usually perform target prediction followed by planning, but seldom account for highly non-linear reactive behaviors. Alternatively, Reinforcement Learning (RL) based methods simply treat the target and its motion as part of the observation of the world-state, but perform poorly due to the weak reward signal. In this work, we blend the approach of an explicit, yet learned, target state predictor with RL. We further show how a tightly coupled predictor which ‘observes’ the state of the robot leads to significantly improved anticipatory action, especially with targets that seek to evade the robot following a simple policy. Experiments show that our method achieves an 86.4% (open plane area) and a 73.8% (room) success rate on evasive objects, outperforming monolithic reinforcement learning and other techniques. We also demonstrate the efficacy of our approach across varied targets and trajectories. All code, data, and additional videos are at this GitHub link: https://kl-research.github.io/dyncatch.
Gotta Catch 'em All, Safely! Aerial-Deployed Soft Underwater Gripper
Underwater soft grippers exhibit potential for applications such as monitoring, research, and object retrieval. However, existing underwater gripping techniques frequently cause disturbances to ecosystems. In response to this challenge, we present a novel underwater gripping framework comprising a lightweight gripper affixed to a custom submarine pod deployable via drone. This approach minimizes water disturbance and enables efficient navigation to target areas, enhancing overall mission effectiveness. The pod allows for underwater motion and is characterized by four degrees of freedom. It is provided with a custom buoyancy system, two water pumps for differential thrust and two for pitching. The system allows for buoyancy adjustments up to a depth of 6 meters, as well as motion in the plane. The 3-fingered gripper is manufactured out of silicone and was successfully tested on objects with different shapes and sizes, demonstrating a maximum pulling force of up to 8 N when underwater. The reliability of the submarine pod was tested in a water tank by tracking its attitude and energy consumption during grasping maneuvers. The system also accomplished a successful mission in a lake, where it was deployed on a hexacopter. Overall, the integration of this system expands the operational capabilities of underwater grasping, makes grasping missions more efficient and easy to automate, as well as causing less disturbance to the water ecosystem.
Is sorghum a promising summer catch crop for reducing nitrate accumulation and enhancing eggplant yield in intensive greenhouse vegetable systems?
Purpose: Summer catch crop (CC) has been introduced into the vegetable rotating system in greenhouse fields to reduce nitrogen (N) losses through crop uptake and residual N immobilization. However, the effects of planting sorghum with high N uptake and biomass, and biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) potential as a CC on soil N dynamics and subsequent crop yield remain unclear. Methods: In the two-year field experiment, the comprehensive effects of planting sorghum as CC on subsequent eggplant yield, soil mineral N dynamics, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) amoA gene abundances were determined, in comparison to the sweet corn and fallow treatments. Results: Compared to the fallow and sweet corn, planting sorghum as CC increased subsequent eggplant yield by 24.88% and 18.94% in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 over-winter growing season, respectively. CC planting reduced soil nitrate (NO3−-N) accumulation during the summer fallow season. Sorghum planting could significantly maintain higher level of ammonium (NH4+-N) concentration during the summer fallow season and the first month of succeeding over-winter season. In addition, sorghum planting reduced soil net nitrifying potential, which could be partially attributed to the decreased amoA gene abundance of AOA at the 0–30 and 30–60 cm soil layers and AOB at 0–30 cm soil layer. Conclusion: We conclude that planting sorghum in the summer fallow season is a promising strategy to retain soil NH4+-N, reduce soil NO3−-N accumulation, and enhance subsequent eggplant yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Recreational shellfish harvesting on a sandy beach in the Algarve coast (southern Portugal): First appraisal of the annual catch of wedge clams (Donax trunculus)
This study aimed to characterise the recreational harvesting of wedge clams (Donax trunculus) in the Algarve coast (southern Portugal) and estimate its annual catches by recreational harvesters (RHs). For this purpose, 50 harvesting surveys were performed along the sandy intertidal during one-year (May 2022 - April 2023), roughly on a weekly basis during suitable tidal ranges (≤ 1.0 m). Overall, RHs were gender-balanced and older harvesters (≥ 65 years-old) prevailed. RHs were clearly more numerous from late spring to summer, especially in August, with most RHs collecting wedge clams with foot / hand and only a minority (≈20 %) also using a shrimp-net. RHs catches comprised mostly D. trunculus below the minimum conservation reference size (MCRS = 25 mm in shell length) legally stipulated for this species. The estimation of RHs annual catches of D. trunculus was based on standardised catches per harvester (number and weight hour−1), extrapolated using the total number of RHs and suitable tides for wedge clams recreational harvesting during the one-year study period. Collecting and processing geolocated data on RHs activity allowed mapping the spatial-temporal distribution of the recreational harvesting effort targeting wedge clams, further confirming the importance of spatial data as a support tool for management and decision-making processes. This study further confirmed the need to raise awareness and inform RHs about the best harvesting practices, aiming ultimately to improve the assessment and promote the long-term sustainable management of this recreational activity and shellfish resource.
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